具有层间相干性的双层超流体观测
Observation of a Bilayer Superfluid with Interlayer Coherence
AI总结：
本研究通过可调层间约瑟夫森耦合在二维超冷玻色气体双层系统中实现并观测了双层超流，揭示了相位模式的准长程有序交叉及涡旋抑制机制。
摘要：
控制多体系统中不同自由度之间的耦合是设计新奇物相的有力技术。我们构建了一个由二维（2D）超冷玻色气体组成的双层系统，并通过可调的层间约瑟夫森耦合展示了体相干性的受控产生。我们探测了该双层系统两种相位模式的相关性质：对称相位模式通过噪声关联方法研究，而反对称相位涨落则通过物质波干涉直接捕获。对这两种模式测得的关联函数在依赖于耦合的临界点以上表现出从短程到准长程有序的交叉，从而为层间耦合介导的双层超流性提供了直接证据。我们绘制了相图，并用重正化群理论和蒙特卡洛模拟进行了解释。此外，我们通过观察反对称模式中涡旋激发的抑制阐明了其潜在机制。
英文摘要：
Controlling the coupling between different degrees of freedom in many-body systems is a powerful technique for engineering novel phases of matter. We create a bilayer system of two-dimensional (2D) ultracold Bose gases and demonstrate the controlled generation of bulk coherence through tunable interlayer Josephson coupling. We probe the resulting correlation properties of both phase modes of the bilayer system: the symmetric phase mode is studied via a noise-correlation method, while the antisymmetric phase fluctuations are directly captured by matter-wave interferometry. The measured correlation functions for both of these modes exhibit a crossover from short-range to quasi-long-range order above a coupling-dependent critical point, thus providing direct evidence of bilayer superfluidity mediated by interlayer coupling. We map out the phase diagram and interpret it with renormalization-group theory and Monte Carlo simulations. Additionally, we elucidate the underlying mechanism through the observation of suppressed vortex excitations in the antisymmetric mode.
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