月球与水星中的硫
Sulfur in the Moon and Mercury
AI总结：
本文综述月球与水星上硫的丰度、分布及控制过程，整合55年月岩样品与MESSENGER观测，并展望BepiColombo的研究价值。
摘要：
本章全面综述了硫（S）的丰度与分布，以及控制硫在地球月球和水星上行为的过程。这两个行星体具有显著的相似性，例如缺乏浓厚大气层，并且表面拥有大量撞击坑。两者都处于不同程度的低氧逸度（fO2）环境中，在此条件下硫仅以S2-的还原态存在，并形成硫化物。对于月球，我们汇总了从Apollo 11到Chang'e 5长达55年的月球样品分析，包括硫浓度和同位素组成数据。我们讨论了从月球内部的硫到月海玄武岩火山脱气及火山碎屑喷发中的相关过程。在月球科学复兴的开端，我们强调未来月球硫研究可能带来的方向。关于水星上硫的认识几乎完全基于NASA MESSENGER任务在2011年至2014年运行期间的观测。MESSENGER观测到水星上硫丰度非常高，浓度可达4 wt.%。我们讨论了导致水星表面高硫丰度的已提出机制，并探讨其对该行星内部的意义。最后，我们展望即将到来的ESA/JAXA BepiColombo任务将如何增进我们对水星以及控制该行星上硫的过程的理解。
英文摘要：
This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the abundances and distribution of S, and the processes that control the behavior of S on the Earth's Moon and on Mercury. The two planetary bodies share notable similarities, such as lacking substantial atmospheres and featuring surfaces with high numbers of impact craters. Both objects are at variably low oxygen fugacities (fO2), where S occurs only in its reduced state as S2-, and forms sulfides. For the Moon, we present a compilation of 55 years of lunar sample analysis, from Apollo 11 to Chang'e 5, including S concentrations and isotopic compositional data. We discuss processes from S in the lunar interior to volcanic degassing from mare basalts and in pyroclastic eruptions. At the beginning of a lunar science renaissance, we highlight where future research into S on the Moon might lead. The knowledge of S on Mercury is almost entirely based on observations by the NASA MESSENGER mission, operational from 2011 to 2014. MESSENGER observed very high S abundances on Mercury with concentrations of up to 4 wt.%. We discuss proposed mechanisms that lead to the high S abundance on Mercury's surface and discuss implications for the planet's interior. Finally, we provide an outlook on how the upcoming ESA/JAXA BepiColombo will advance our understanding of Mercury and the processes controlling S on the planet.
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