Few-Shot Learning (FSL) aims to recognize new classes with limited labeled data. Recent studies have attempted to address the challenge of rare samples with textual prompts to modulate visual features. However, they usually struggle to capture complex semantic relationships between textual and visual features. Moreover, vanilla self-attention is heavily affected by useless information in images, severely constraining the potential of semantic priors in FSL due to the confusion of numerous irrelevant tokens during interaction. To address these aforementioned issues, a K-NN Transformer with Pyramid Prompts (KTPP) is proposed to select discriminative information with K-NN Context Attention (KCA) and adaptively modulate visual features with Pyramid Cross-modal Prompts (PCP). First, for each token, the KCA only selects the K most relevant tokens to compute the self-attention matrix and incorporates the mean of all tokens as the context prompt to provide the global context in three cascaded stages. As a result, irrelevant tokens can be progressively suppressed. Secondly, pyramid prompts are introduced in the PCP to emphasize visual features via interactions between text-based class-aware prompts and multi-scale visual features. This allows the ViT to dynamically adjust the importance weights of visual features based on rich semantic information at different scales, making models robust to spatial variations. Finally, augmented visual features and class-aware prompts are interacted via the KCA to extract class-specific features. Consequently, our model further enhances noise-free visual representations via deep cross-modal interactions, extracting generalized visual representation in scenarios with few labeled samples. Extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Nearest neighbor (kNN) methods utilizing deep pre-trained features exhibit very strong anomaly detection performance when applied to entire images. A limitation of kNN methods is the lack of segmentation map describing where the anomaly lies inside the image. In this work we present a novel anomaly segmentation approach based on alignment between an anomalous image and a constant number of the similar normal images. Our method, Semantic Pyramid Anomaly Detection (SPADE) uses correspondences based on a multi-resolution feature pyramid. SPADE is shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance on u…
Face detection has been well studied for many years and one of remaining challenges is to detect small, blurred and partially occluded faces in uncontrolled environment. This paper proposes a novel context-assisted single shot face detector, named \emph{PyramidBox} to handle the hard face detection problem. Observing the importance of the context, we improve the utilization of contextual information in the following three aspects. First, we design a novel context anchor to supervise high-level contextual feature learning by a semi-supervised method, which we call it PyramidAnchors. Second, we …
Recent years have witnessed many exciting achievements for object detection using deep learning techniques. Despite achieving significant progresses, most existing detectors are designed to detect objects with relatively low-quality prediction of locations, i.e., often trained with the threshold of Intersection over Union (IoU) set to 0.5 by default, which can yield low-quality or even noisy detections. It remains an open challenge for how to devise and train a high-quality detector that can achieve more precise localization (i.e., IoU$>$0.5) without sacrificing the detection performance. In t…
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）
Pixel-level semantic segmentation is a challenging task with a huge amount of computation, especially if the size of input is large. In the segmentation model, apart from the feature extraction, the extra decoder structure is often employed to recover spatial information. In this paper, we put forward a method for single-shot segmentation in a feature residual pyramid network (RPNet), which learns the main and residuals of segmentation by decomposing the label at different levels of residual blocks. Specifically speaking, we use the residual features to learn the edges and details, and the ide…
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Horizon Robotics, Inc（地平线机器人公司）；CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology（中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心）
Recently, proposal-free instance segmentation has received increasing attention due to its concise and efficient pipeline. Generally, proposal-free methods generate instance-agnostic semantic segmentation labels and instance-aware features to group pixels into different object instances. However, previous methods mostly employ separate modules for these two sub-tasks and require multiple passes for inference. We argue that treating these two sub-tasks separately is suboptimal. In fact, employing multiple separate modules significantly reduces the potential for application. The mutual benefits …
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；Chongqing University（重庆大学）
Multi-label zero-shot learning extends conventional single-label zero-shot learning to a more realistic scenario that aims at recognizing multiple unseen labels of classes for each input sample. Existing works usually exploit attention mechanism to generate the correlation among different labels. However, most of them are usually biased on several major classes while neglect most of the minor classes with the same importance in input samples, and may thus result in overly diffused attention maps that cannot sufficiently cover minor classes. We argue that disregarding the connection between maj…
In-Context Learning for Wound Classification with Small Multimodal Language Models
Jönköping University（延雪平大学）；Halmstad University（哈尔姆斯塔德大学）；Mölnlycke Health Care（墨尼克医疗保健公司）；Centre for Reliable Machine Learning, Royal Holloway, University of London（伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院可靠机器学习中心）
Feature pyramids are widely exploited by both the state-of-the-art one-stage object detectors (e.g., DSSD, RetinaNet, RefineDet) and the two-stage object detectors (e.g., Mask R-CNN, DetNet) to alleviate the problem arising from scale variation across object instances. Although these object detectors with feature pyramids achieve encouraging results, they have some limitations due to that they only simply construct the feature pyramid according to the inherent multi-scale, pyramidal architecture of the backbones which are actually designed for object classification task. Newly, in this work, w…
Pyramidal feature representation is the common practice to address the challenge of scale variation in object detection. However, the inconsistency across different feature scales is a primary limitation for the single-shot detectors based on feature pyramid. In this work, we propose a novel and data driven strategy for pyramidal feature fusion, referred to as adaptively spatial feature fusion (ASFF). It learns the way to spatially filter conflictive information to suppress the inconsistency, thus improving the scale-invariance of features, and introduces nearly free inference overhead. With t…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec（魁北克大学高等技术学院）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；INRIA（法国国家信息与自动化研究所）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Grenoble INP（格勒诺布尔理工学院）
Small-object detection is a challenging problem. In the last few years, the convolution neural networks methods have been achieved considerable progress. However, the current detectors struggle with effective features extraction for small-scale objects. To address this challenge, we propose image pyramid single-shot detector (IPSSD). In IPSSD, single-shot detector is adopted combined with an image pyramid network to extract semantically strong features for generating candidate regions. The proposed network can enhance the small-scale features from a feature pyramid network. We evaluated the pe…
National Chiao Tung University（国立交通大学）；Academia Sinica（中央研究院）；United Arab Emirates University（阿拉伯联合酋长国大学）
State-of-the-art (SoTA) models have improved the accuracy of object detection with a large margin via a FP (feature pyramid). FP is a top-down aggregation to collect semantically strong features to improve scale invariance in both two-stage and one-stage detectors. However, this top-down pathway cannot preserve accurate object positions due to the shift-effect of pooling. Thus, the advantage of FP to improve detection accuracy will disappear when more layers are used. The original FP lacks a bottom-up pathway to offset the lost information from lower-layer feature maps. It performs well in lar…
Tianjin University（天津大学）；Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence（起源人工智能研究院）
Due to the advantages of real-time detection and improved performance, single-shot detectors have gained great attention recently. To solve the complex scale variations, single-shot detectors make scale-aware predictions based on multiple pyramid layers. However, the features in the pyramid are not scale-aware enough, which limits the detection performance. Two common problems in single-shot detectors caused by object scale variations can be observed: (1) small objects are easily missed; (2) the salient part of a large object is sometimes detected as an object. With this observation, we propos…
Pyramid Self-Contrastive Learning for Single-shot Test-time Ultrasound Image Denoising
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Hong Kong（香港大学电子与计算机工程系）；Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University（达特茅斯大学生物医学工程系）
The current success of machine learning on image-based combustion monitoring is based on massive data, which is costly even impossible for industrial applications. To address this conflict, we introduce few-shot learning in order to achieve combustion monitoring and classification for the first time. Two algorithms, Siamese Network coupled with k Nearest Neighbors (SN-kNN) and Prototypical Network (PN), were tested. Rather than utilizing solely visible images as discussed in previous studies, we also used Infrared (IR) images. We analyzed the training process, test performance and inference sp…
We motivate and present feature selective anchor-free (FSAF) module, a simple and effective building block for single-shot object detectors. It can be plugged into single-shot detectors with feature pyramid structure. The FSAF module addresses two limitations brought up by the conventional anchor-based detection: 1) heuristic-guided feature selection; 2) overlap-based anchor sampling. The general concept of the FSAF module is online feature selection applied to the training of multi-level anchor-free branches. Specifically, an anchor-free branch is attached to each level of the feature pyramid…
Large-scale vision-language pre-training has achieved promising results on downstream tasks. Existing methods highly rely on the assumption that the image-text pairs crawled from the Internet are in perfect one-to-one correspondence. However, in real scenarios, this assumption can be difficult to hold: the text description, obtained by crawling the affiliated metadata of the image, often suffers from the semantic mismatch and the mutual compatibility. To address these issues, we introduce PyramidCLIP, which constructs an input pyramid with different semantic levels for each modality, and align…
Object pose estimation enables robots to understand and interact with their environments. Training with synthetic data is necessary in order to adapt to novel situations. Unfortunately, pose estimation under domain shift, i.e., training on synthetic data and testing in the real world, is challenging. Deep learning-based approaches currently perform best when using encoder-decoder networks but typically do not generalize to new scenarios with different scene characteristics. We argue that patch-based approaches, instead of encoder-decoder networks, are more suited for synthetic-to-real transfer…
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团达摩院）
Currently, one-stage frameworks have been widely applied for temporal action detection, but they still suffer from the challenge that the action instances span a wide range of time. The reason is that these one-stage detectors, e.g., Single Shot Multi-Box Detector (SSD), extract temporal features only applying a single-level layer for each head, which is not discriminative enough to perform classification and regression. In this paper, we propose a Multi-Level Temporal Pyramid Network (MLTPN) to improve the discrimination of the features. Specially, we first fuse the features from multiple lay…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；GIPSA-lab, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学、法国国家科学研究中心、格勒诺布尔国立理工学院联合GIPSA实验室）；University of Iceland（冰岛大学）；University of Leicester（莱斯特大学）
Detection of objects is extremely important in various aerial vision-based applications. Over the last few years, the methods based on convolution neural networks have made substantial progress. However, because of the large variety of object scales, densities, and arbitrary orientations, the current detectors struggle with the extraction of semantically strong features for small-scale objects by a predefined convolution kernel. To address this problem, we propose the rotation equivariant feature image pyramid network (REFIPN), an image pyramid network based on rotation equivariance convolutio…
Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)（浦项科技大学）
Few-shot semantic segmentation aims at learning to segment a target object from a query image using only a few annotated support images of the target class. This challenging task requires to understand diverse levels of visual cues and analyze fine-grained correspondence relations between the query and the support images. To address the problem, we propose Hypercorrelation Squeeze Networks (HSNet) that leverages multi-level feature correlation and efficient 4D convolutions. It extracts diverse features from different levels of intermediate convolutional layers and constructs a collection of 4D…
Few-shot object detection (FSOD) helps detectors adapt to unseen classes with few training instances, and is useful when manual annotation is time-consuming or data acquisition is limited. Unlike previous attempts that exploit few-shot classification techniques to facilitate FSOD, this work highlights the necessity of handling the problem of scale variations, which is challenging due to the unique sample distribution. To this end, we propose a Multi-scale Positive Sample Refinement (MPSR) approach to enrich object scales in FSOD. It generates multi-scale positive samples as object pyramids and…
One-stage object detectors such as SSD or YOLO already have shown promising accuracy with small memory footprint and fast speed. However, it is widely recognized that one-stage detectors have difficulty in detecting small objects while they are competitive with two-stage methods on large objects. In this paper, we investigate how to alleviate this problem starting from the SSD framework. Due to their pyramidal design, the lower layer that is responsible for small objects lacks strong semantics(e.g contextual information). We address this problem by introducing a feature combining module that s…
College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University（浙江大学信息科学与电子工程学院）；ZJU-League Research & Development Center（ZJU-League研发中心）；State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University（浙江大学CAD&CG国家重点实验室）
Few-shot learning (FSL) attempts to learn with limited data. In this work, we perform the feature extraction in the Euclidean space and the geodesic distance metric on the Oblique Manifold (OM). Specially, for better feature extraction, we propose a non-parametric Region Self-attention with Spatial Pyramid Pooling (RSSPP), which realizes a trade-off between the generalization and the discriminative ability of the single image feature. Then, we embed the feature to OM as a point. Furthermore, we design an Oblique Distance-based Classifier (ODC) that achieves classification in the tangent spaces…
Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Microsoft Research Asia（微软亚洲研究院）
One-shot object detection aims at detecting novel objects according to merely one given instance. With extreme data scarcity, current approaches explore various feature fusions to obtain directly transferable meta-knowledge. Yet, their performances are often unsatisfactory. In this paper, we attribute this to inappropriate correlation methods that misalign query-support semantics by overlooking spatial structures and scale variances. Upon analysis, we leverage the attention mechanism and propose a simple but effective architecture named Semantic-aligned Fusion Transformer (SaFT) to resolve the…
We introduce a novel cost aggregation network, dubbed Volumetric Aggregation with Transformers (VAT), to tackle the few-shot segmentation task by using both convolutions and transformers to efficiently handle high dimensional correlation maps between query and support. In specific, we propose our encoder consisting of volume embedding module to not only transform the correlation maps into more tractable size but also inject some convolutional inductive bias and volumetric transformer module for the cost aggregation. Our encoder has a pyramidal structure to let the coarser level aggregation to …
Korea University（高丽大学）；Microsoft Research Asia（微软亚洲研究院）
This paper presents a novel cost aggregation network, called Volumetric Aggregation with Transformers (VAT), for few-shot segmentation. The use of transformers can benefit correlation map aggregation through self-attention over a global receptive field. However, the tokenization of a correlation map for transformer processing can be detrimental, because the discontinuity at token boundaries reduces the local context available near the token edges and decreases inductive bias. To address this problem, we propose a 4D Convolutional Swin Transformer, where a high-dimensional Swin Transformer is p…
Hanyang University（汉阳大学）；Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology（韩国科学技术院）
Convolutional neural network (CNN) has led to significant progress in object detection. In order to detect the objects in various sizes, the object detectors often exploit the hierarchy of the multi-scale feature maps called feature pyramid, which is readily obtained by the CNN architecture. However, the performance of these object detectors is limited since the bottom-level feature maps, which experience fewer convolutional layers, lack the semantic information needed to capture the characteristics of the small objects. In order to address such problem, various methods have been proposed to i…
Dual-channel Prototype Network for few-shot Classification of Pathological Images
College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University（东北大学医学与生物信息工程学院）；School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学计算机学院）
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；JD AI Research（京东人工智能研究院）
Single shot detectors that are potentially faster and simpler than two-stage detectors tend to be more applicable to object detection in videos. Nevertheless, the extension of such object detectors from image to video is not trivial especially when appearance deterioration exists in videos, \emph{e.g.}, motion blur or occlusion. A valid question is how to explore temporal coherence across frames for boosting detection. In this paper, we propose to address the problem by enhancing per-frame features through aggregation of neighboring frames. Specifically, we present Single Shot Video Object Det…
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro（里约热内卢天主教大学）；Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello Research and Development Center (Cenpes), Petrobras（巴西石油公司莱奥波尔多·亚美利哥·米格斯·德梅洛研发中心（Cenpes））
Deep learning-based models, such as convolutional neural networks, have advanced various segments of computer vision. However, this technology is rarely applied to seismic shot gather noise localization problem. This letter presents an investigation on the effectiveness of a multi-scale feature-fusion-based network for seismic shot-gather noise localization. Herein, we describe the following: (1) the construction of a real-world dataset of seismic noise localization based on 6,500 seismograms; (2) a multi-scale feature-fusion-based detector that uses the MobileNet combined with the Feature Pyr…
CSIRO-Data61（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织-Data61）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）
Advances in the design of multi-spectral cameras have led to great interests in a wide range of applications, from astronomy to autonomous driving. However, such cameras inherently suffer from a trade-off between the spatial and spectral resolution. In this paper, we propose to address this limitation by introducing a novel method to carry out super-resolution on raw mosaic images, multi-spectral or RGB Bayer, captured by modern real-time single-shot mosaic sensors. To this end, we design a deep super-resolution architecture that benefits from a sequential feature pyramid along the depth of th…
HyperBank: A Differentiable Bank of Classical Priors for Few-Shot Spheroid Microscopy Segmentation
The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Information Theory and Automation（捷克科学院，信息理论与自动化研究所）；Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering（布拉格捷克技术大学，核科学与物理工程学院）；University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology（布拉格化学与技术大学，生物化学与微生物学系）；Charles University, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV（查理大学，科学学院，BIOCEV）
Attention-Enhanced Prototypical Learning for Few-Shot Infrastructure Defect Segmentation
Canizaro Livingston Gulf States Center for Environmental Informatics, the University of New Orleans（Canizaro Livingston Gulf States Center for Environmental Informatics，新奥尔良大学）；Graz University of Technology（格拉茨技术大学）；US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center（美国陆军工程兵团，工程研究与发展中心）
Generalization-Enhanced Few-Shot Object Detection in Remote Sensing
China Academy of Electronics and Information Technology（中国电子科技集团公司电子科学研究院）；National Satellite Meteorological Center（国家卫星气象中心）；Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite（风云气象卫星创新中心）；China Meteorological Administration（中国气象局）；Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院空天信息创新研究院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing（北京科技大学自动化与电气工程学院）；New York University Abu Dhabi（纽约大学阿布扎比分校）
In the CNN based object detectors, feature pyramids are widely exploited to alleviate the problem of scale variation across object instances. These object detectors, which strengthen features via a top-down pathway and lateral connections, are mainly to enrich the semantic information of low-level features, but ignore the enhancement of high-level features. This can lead to an imbalance between different levels of features, in particular a serious lack of detailed information in the high-level features, which makes it difficult to get accurate bounding boxes. In this paper, we introduce a nove…
DeepMind（深度思维）；MIT（麻省理工学院）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）
The core problem in zero-shot open vocabulary detection is how to align visual and text features, so that the detector performs well on unseen classes. Previous approaches train the feature pyramid and detection head from scratch, which breaks the vision-text feature alignment established during pretraining, and struggles to prevent the language model from forgetting unseen classes. We propose three methods to alleviate these issues. Firstly, a simple scheme is used to augment the text embeddings which prevents overfitting to a small number of classes seen during training, while simultaneously…
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）；AI Labs, Didi Chuxing（滴滴出行人工智能实验室）
The performance of face detectors has been largely improved with the development of convolutional neural network. However, it remains challenging for face detectors to detect tiny, occluded or blurry faces. Besides, most face detectors can't locate face's position precisely and can't achieve high Intersection-over-Union (IoU) scores. We assume that problems inside are inadequate use of supervision information and imbalance between semantics and details at all level feature maps in CNN even with Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN). In this paper, we present a novel single-shot face detection network…
Adaptive Multi-Scale Correlation Meta-Network for Few-Shot Remote Sensing Image Classification
School of Computer Science, UPES, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.（UPES计算机科学学院）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, Galgotias University, India.（加尔各答大学计算机科学与工程学院）；Computer Science and Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Pilani Rajasthan, India.（比什努学院计算机科学与信息系统）
University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）
A variety of machine learning applications expect to achieve rapid learning from a limited number of labeled data. However, the success of most current models is the result of heavy training on big data. Meta-learning addresses this problem by extracting common knowledge across different tasks that can be quickly adapted to new tasks. However, they do not fully explore weakly-supervised information, which is usually free or cheap to collect. In this paper, we show that weakly-labeled data can significantly improve the performance of meta-learning on few-shot classification. We propose prototyp…
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学计算机科学与工程学院）；Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence（Inception人工智能研究院）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学计算机科学与工程学院）
One-shot semantic image segmentation aims to segment the object regions for the novel class with only one annotated image. Recent works adopt the episodic training strategy to mimic the expected situation at testing time. However, these existing approaches simulate the test conditions too strictly during the training process, and thus cannot make full use of the given label information. Besides, these approaches mainly focus on the foreground-background target class segmentation setting. They only utilize binary mask labels for training. In this paper, we propose to leverage the multi-class la…
