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arXiv 2410.09413cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.mtrl-sciphysics.atom-phquant-ph
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玻色量子气体中的杂质与极化子:近期进展综述

Impurities and polarons in bosonic quantum gases: a review on recent progress

F. Grusdt, N. Mostaan, E. Demler, Luis A. Peña Ardila

AI总结:

本文综述了 Bose polarons 领域的近期进展,涵盖了从弱耦合 Fröhlich Hamiltonian 到强相互作用理论模型、实验观测、少体 Efimov states、非平衡动力学以及相关系统扩展,并提出了未来的研究方向。

摘要:

本综述描述了 Bose polarons 领域,它产生于移动杂质浸入玻色量子气体时。后者可以通过超冷原子的 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) 或半导体中的 exciton polaritons 来实现,这引发了一系列我们在本文中调研的、在种间 Feshbach resonances 附近对 Bose polarons 的实验观测。在介绍了该主题的历史渊源并阐述了 Bose polaron Hamiltonian 之后,我们总结了最前沿的实验。接下来,我们详细讨论了极化子模型,从适用于弱耦合的普遍存在的 Fröhlich Hamiltonian 开始。我们继续调研了用于解决强相互作用 Bose polaron 问题的并发理论方法。随后的章节致力于大量研究强耦合 Bose polarons 的工作,包括与超冷原子实验中获得的 radio-frequency (RF) 谱的详细比较;研究与原子混合物中 Feshbach resonance 相关的普适少体和 Efimov states;研究量子动力学和非平衡态下的极化子;低维 Bose polarons;极化子间的诱导相互作用和 bipolaron 形成机制;以及非零温度下的 Bose polarons。最后,我们通过详细讨论密切相关的实验装置和系统来结束本综述,包括离子杂质、具有强光物质相互作用的系统,以及 Bose polaron 概念的变体和扩展,例如具有拓扑序的浴或与关联电子相关的强相互作用。最后,提出了展望,强调了该领域整体可能的未来研究方向和开放性问题。

英文摘要:

This review describes the field of Bose polarons, arising when mobile impurities are immersed into a bosonic quantum gas. The latter can be realized by a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of ultracold atoms, or of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor, which has led to a series of experimental observations of Bose polarons near inter-species Feshbach resonances that we survey. Following an introduction to the topic, with references to its historic roots and a presentation of the Bose polaron Hamiltonian, we summarize state-of-the-art experiments. Next we provide a detailed discussion of polaron models, starting from the ubiquitous Fröhlich Hamiltonian that applies at weak couplings. We proceed by a survey of concurrent theoretical methods used for solving strongly interacting Bose polaron problems. The subsequent sections are devoted to the large bodies of work investigating strong coupling Bose polarons, including detailed comparisons with radio-frequency (RF) spectra obtained in ultracold atom experiments; to investigations of universal few-body and Efimov states associated with a Feshbach resonance in atomic mixtures; to studies of quantum dynamics and polarons out of equilibrium; Bose polarons in low-dimensional; induced interactions among polarons and bipolaron formation; and to Bose polarons at non-zero temperatures. We end our review by detailed discussions of closely related experimental setups and systems, including ionic impurities, systems with strong light-matter interactions, and variations and extensions of the Bose polaron concepts e.g. to baths with topological order or strong interactions relevant for correlated electrons. Finally, an outlook is presented, highlighting possible future research directions and open questions in the field as a whole.

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