基于FPGA的用于BGO基飞行时间PET的数字化仪
FPGA-based digitizer for BGO-based time-of-flight PET
AI总结：
提出一种基于FPGA的BGO飞行时间PET数字化仪，独立处理闪烁与切伦科夫光子，结合TOT与TDC方法实现精确能量和时间测量，性能与示波器相当且具备多通道可扩展性。
摘要：
我们提出了一种新型的基于FPGA的锗酸铋（BGO）飞行时间（TOF）数字化仪，该数字化仪在FPGA（VC707评估套件，Xilinx）上实现。该数字化仪旨在解决最近被强调的BGO特性，即当511-keV光子与BGO相互作用时，BGO会产生闪烁和瞬发切伦科夫光子。所开发的数字化仪独立处理这两种类型的光子，以进行精确的能量和时间测量。该数字化仪包含一个抗噪声二进制计数器，该计数器使用过阈时间（TOT）方法测量能量信号。对于时间测量，我们采用嵌入式双端监控时间数字转换器（TDC），该转换器在保持低资源使用的同时高效捕获时间信息。我们通过广泛的实验验证了基于FPGA的TOF数字化仪的有效性，包括电气设置和使用BGO像素的符合测试。我们对TOT能量和时间性能的评估使用了两个与CHK-HD MT硅光电倍增管（SiPMs）耦合的 $3 \ imes 3 \ imes 20 \ \ ext{mm}^3$ BGO像素。对于落在测量的TOT能谱的十分之一最大值全宽（FWTM）内的符合事件，该数字化仪实现了407 ps半高全宽（FWHM）的符合时间分辨率（CTR）。值得注意的是，当用示波器测量时，相同的探测器对表现出403 ps FWHM的CTR，证实了所开发的数字化仪的性能与示波器相当。凭借我们设计的低资源使用，它提供了显著的可扩展性潜力，使其对于多通道BGO基PET系统特别有前景。
英文摘要：
We present a novel FPGA-based bismuth germanate (BGO) time-of-flight (TOF) digitizer, implemented on an FPGA (VC707 evaluation kit, Xilinx). This digitizer was designed to address the recently highlighted characteristics of BGO, which generates scintillation and prompt Cerenkov photons when 511-keV photon interacts with BGO. The developed digitizer independently processes these two types of photons for precise energy and timing measurements. The digitizer incorporates a noise-resistant binary counter that measures energy signals using a time-over-threshold (TOT) method. For timing measurement, we employ an embedded dual-side monitoring time-to-digital converter (TDC), which efficiently captures timing information while maintaining low resource usage. We validated the efficacy of our FPGA-based TOF digitizer through extensive experiments, including both an electrical setup and a coincidence test using BGO pixels. Our evaluations of TOT energy and timing performance utilized two $3 \times 3 \times 20 \ \text{mm}^3$ BGO pixels coupled to CHK-HD MT silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The digitizer achieved a coincidence timing resolution (CTR) of 407 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM) for coincidence events falling within the full width at tenth maximum (FWTM) of the measured TOT energy spectrum. Notably, when measured with an oscilloscope, the same detector pair exhibited a CTR of 403 ps FWHM, confirming that the performance of the developed digitizer is comparable to that of oscilloscopes. With the low resource usage of our design, it offers significant potential for scalability, making it particularly promising for multi-channel BGO-based PET systems.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
