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arXiv 2410.06754astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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作为通量定标红外标准的较冷白矮星网络

A network of cooler white dwarfs as infrared standards for flux calibration

Abbigail K. Elms, Nicola Pietro Gentile Fusillo, Pier-Emmanuel Tremblay, Ralph C. Bohlin, Mark A. Hollands, Snehalata Sahu, Mairi W. O'Brien, Susana Deustua, Tim Cunningham

AI总结:

针对红外波段定标需求,提出由17颗较冷DA白矮星组成的网络作为分光光度通量标准,结合3D对流大气模型,在红外波段实现高精度定标。

摘要:

观测数据的准确通量定标对天体物理学和宇宙学至关重要,因为恒星标准的绝对通量不确定性会传递到科学结果中。随着望远镜任务(如JWST)在红外(IR)波段实现越来越高的精度,该波段需要合适的定标器。Hubble Space Telescope (HST) 通量标度的基础由三颗热(Teff > 30000 K)氢大气(DA)白矮星的模型拟合定义,其在光学波长达到优于1%的精度,但在红外波段低于该水平。我们提出了一个由17颗较冷(Teff < 20000 K)DA白矮星组成的网络,作为分光光度通量标准,其在红外波长同样甚至更加准确。较冷白矮星不遭受连续谱通量的非局部热平衡(NLTE)效应或紫外金属线覆盖效应,具有更大的天区密度,通常距地球更近且星际红化极小或可忽略,能量分布在光学或近红外波段达到峰值。使用包含三维(3D)对流的最新的DA LTE大气模型网格,我们网络观测到的Space Telescope Imaging Spectrometer (STIS) 和 Wide Field Camera three (WFC3) 通量在 1450 - 16000 AA 范围的大部分区域内准确至 3%,中位标准差为 1.41%。独立拟合 HST STIS 和 WFC3 白矮星 SEDs 和 Balmer 线得到的 SEDs 在 3σ 范围内一致,证明了我们网络模型的精度。

英文摘要:

The accurate flux calibration of observational data is vital for astrophysics and cosmology because absolute flux uncertainties of stellar standards propagate into scientific results. With the ever higher precision achieved by telescopic missions (e.g. JWST) in the infrared (IR), suitable calibrators are required for this regime. The basis of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) flux scale is defined by model fits of three hot (Teff > 30000 K) hydrogen-atmosphere (DA) white dwarfs, which achieve an accuracy better than 1 per cent at optical wavelengths but falls below this level in the IR range. We present a network of 17 cooler DA white dwarfs with Teff < 20000 K as spectrophotometric flux standards that are equally, if not more, accurate at IR wavelengths. Cooler white dwarfs do not suffer from non-local thermal equilibrium (NLTE) effects in continuum flux or from UV metal line blanketing, have a larger sky density, are generally closer to Earth with little or negligible interstellar reddening, and have energy distributions peaking in the optical or near-IR. Using the latest grid of DA LTE atmosphere models with three-dimensional (3D) convection, the observed Space Telescope Imaging Spectrometer (STIS) and Wide Field Camera three (WFC3) fluxes of our network are accurate to 3 per cent over most of the range 1450 - 16000 AA, with a median standard deviation of 1.41 per cent. Fitting the HST STIS and WFC3 white dwarf SEDs and Balmer lines independently yields SEDs that agree within 3$σ$, which demonstrates the precision of the models for our network.

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