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arXiv 2410.04641astro-ph.GA
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通过CO和[C II]测量邻近高光度1型和2型类星体的星际介质含量

Measuring the ISM Content of Nearby, Luminous, Type 1 and Type 2 QSOs through CO and [C II]

Yuanze Luo, A. O. Petric, R. M. J. Janssen, D. Fadda, N. Flagey, A. Omont, A. M. Jacob, K. Rowlands, K. Alatalo, N. Billot, T. Heckman, B. Husemann, D. Kakkad, … 展开作者

Yuanze Luo, A. O. Petric, R. M. J. Janssen, D. Fadda, N. Flagey, A. Omont, A. M. Jacob, K. Rowlands, K. Alatalo, N. Billot, T. Heckman, B. Husemann, D. Kakkad, M. Lacy, J. Marshall, R. Minchin, R. Minsley, N. Nesvadba, J. A. Otter, P. Patil, T. Urrutia

AI总结:

该研究通过观测邻近高光度1型和2型类星体的CO与[C II]谱线,比较其与高光度红外星系的气体性质和恒星形成效率,发现2型类星体或源自红外星系,但可能并非1型类星体的前身体,挑战传统演化场景。

摘要:

我们展示了利用毫米波射电天文学研究所(IRAM)30米望远镜对20个邻近光学高光度2型类星体(QSO2s)的CO(1--0)和CO(2--1)谱线观测,以及利用平流层红外天文学观测台(SOFIA)对CO样本中的5个QSO2s和5个1型类星体(QSO1s)的[C II] 158μm谱线观测。在解释不同类型类星体的传统演化场景中,被遮挡的QSO2s由观测为高光度红外星系(LIRGs)的富气并合星系演化而来,随后在黑洞清除遮挡物质的爆发阶段转变为未被遮挡的QSO1s。我们通过比较LIRGs和类星体的气体分数及恒星形成效率来检验这一理论预测的有效性。我们发现QSO1s的CO光度、CO导出气体质量和气体分数与QSO2s的估计值一致,而LIRGs在CO导出气体质量和气体分数方面与QSO2s更为相似。[C II]光度与CO、红外光度等恒星形成示踪物的比较表明,QSO1s中存在额外的[C II]发射源,可能追踪中性原子或电离气体,但需注意样本量较小的局限性。三种星系的恒星形成效率分布在统计上无显著差异。我们的结果与演化场景的部分内容一致,即邻近QSO2s可能源自LIRGs,但它们可能不是邻近QSO1s的前身体。

英文摘要:

We present observations of CO(1--0) and CO(2--1) lines from the Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique (IRAM) 30m telescope toward 20 nearby, optically luminous type 2 quasars (QSO2s) and observations of [C II] 158$μ$m line from the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) for 5 QSO2s in the CO sample and 5 type 1 quasars (QSO1s). In the traditional evolutionary scenario explaining different types of QSOs, obscured QSO2s emerge from gas-rich mergers observed as luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) and then turn into unobscured QSO1s as the black holes clear out the obscuring material in a blow-out phase. We test the validity of this theoretical prediction by comparing the gas fractions and star formation efficiencies among LIRGs and QSOs. We find that CO luminosity, CO-derived gas masses and gas fractions in QSO1s are consistent with those estimated for QSO2s, while LIRGs exhibit a closer resemblance to QSO2s in terms of CO-derived gas masses and gas fractions. Comparisons between [C II] luminosity and star formation tracers such as the CO and infrared luminosity imply additional sources of [C II] emission in QSO1s likely tracing neutral atomic or ionized gas with the caveat of a small sample size. All three types of galaxies have statistically indistinguishable distributions of star formation efficiency. Our results are consistent with part of the evolutionary scenario where nearby QSO2s could emerge from LIRGs, but they may not be the precursors of nearby QSO1s.

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