遥感与GPS流动性揭示了高温对跨越不同气候的人类活动的影响
Remote sensing and GPS mobility reveal heat's impact on human activity across diverse climates
AI总结：
研究利用遥感与GPS数据揭示极端高温对人类日常流动性的影响，发现高温使城市流动性降低达10%，贫困地区受影响更大，结合气候预测指出若不适应，总体流动性将每年下降1-2%。
摘要：
极端高温对个人生计和更广泛的经济体构成日益严重的威胁，随着世界许多地区气温升高，每年导致越来越多人死亡并限制生产力。许多研究记录了热浪与死亡率或发病率之间的联系，其他研究则探讨了其经济后果，但鲜有研究能够确定人群在日常活动中如何应对极端高温的冲击。为此，我们调查了人类流动性与环境温度之间的联系。通过研究印度尼西亚、印度和墨西哥，我们发现极端高温使城市环境中的流动性降低高达10%，损失集中在正午时分。我们考察了这种关系的形态，发现虽然高温减少了活动，但极热的日子和极长的热浪可能会诱发更多的活动，表明存在不同的适应方式。在较贫困地区，这种影响更强。将这些模型与气候预测相结合，我们表明，如果不进行适应，总体流动性可能每年下降1-2%，某些季节和地区的活动下降幅度高达10%。根据我们的估计，小城市将面临最高的相对损失，大城市将经历最大的绝对影响。
英文摘要：
Extreme heat is a growing threat to both individual livelihoods and broader economies, killing a growing number of people each year as temperatures rise in many parts of the world and limiting productivity. Many studies document the link between heat waves and mortality or morbidity, and others explore the economic consequences of them, but few are able to determine how populations respond to the shock of extreme heat in day-to-day activity. Toward this end, we investigate the link between human mobility and ambient temperature. Examining Indonesia, India and Mexico, we show that extreme heat reduces mobility by up to 10% in urban settings, with losses concentrated midday. We examine the shape of the relationship, finding that while heat reduces activity, very hot days and very long heat waves may induce more of it, indicating different adaptation. Effects are stronger in poorer areas. Twinning these models with climate projections, we show that without adaptation mobility may fall 1-2% per year on aggregate, with certain seasons and places seeing activity fall by as much as 10%. According to our estimates, small cities will face the highest relative losses and large cities will experience the greatest absolute impacts.
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