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arXiv 2409.18543cs.CV
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通过概率原型像素对比减少域自适应语义分割中的语义歧义

Reducing Semantic Ambiguity In Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation Via Probabilistic Prototypical Pixel Contrast

School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology(河北工业大学人工智能学院)

Xiaoke Hao, Shiyu Liu, Chuanbo Feng, Ye Zhu

AI总结:

针对域自适应语义分割中确定性嵌入存在语义歧义的问题,提出概率原型像素对比框架,通过高斯分布建模像素嵌入、推导原型、高效计算分布相似度及动态选歧义块,显著提升自适应性能与泛化能力。

摘要:

域自适应旨在缓解源域与目标域之间的域偏移导致的模型在目标域上的性能退化问题。尽管将认知学习与自训练范式结合已取得了令人鼓舞的效果,但在部署确定性嵌入时,这类方法会受由尺度、光照或重叠引发的歧义场景的困扰。为解决这些问题,我们提出概率原型像素对比(PPPC),这是一个通用自适应框架,它通过多元高斯分布将每个像素嵌入建模为概率,以充分挖掘其中的不确定性,最终提升模型的表征质量。此外,我们从概率估计后验概率中推导原型,这有助于将决策边界推离歧义点。再者,我们采用一种高效方法计算分布间的相似度,无需采样和重参数化,从而显著降低计算开销。进一步地,我们在图像层面动态选择歧义裁剪块,以增加参与对比学习的边界点数量,这有利于为每个类别建立精确的分布。大量实验表明,PPPC不仅有助于解决像素层面的歧义,生成具有判别性的表征,还在合成到真实、昼到夜的自适应任务中均取得显著提升。在最具挑战性的白天到夜晚自适应场景中,它的mIoU比先前的最优(SOTA)方法高出+5.2%,在其他未见过的数据集上展现出更强的泛化能力。代码和模型可在https://github.com/DarlingInTheSV/Probabilistic-Prototypical-Pixel-Contrast获取。

英文摘要:

Domain adaptation aims to reduce the model degradation on the target domain caused by the domain shift between the source and target domains. Although encouraging performance has been achieved by combining cognitive learning with the self-training paradigm, they suffer from ambiguous scenarios caused by scale, illumination, or overlapping when deploying deterministic embedding. To address these issues, we propose probabilistic proto-typical pixel contrast (PPPC), a universal adaptation framework that models each pixel embedding as a probability via multivariate Gaussian distribution to fully exploit the uncertainty within them, eventually improving the representation quality of the model. In addition, we derive prototypes from probability estimation posterior probability estimation which helps to push the decision boundary away from the ambiguity points. Moreover, we employ an efficient method to compute similarity between distributions, eliminating the need for sampling and reparameterization, thereby significantly reducing computational overhead. Further, we dynamically select the ambiguous crops at the image level to enlarge the number of boundary points involved in contrastive learning, which benefits the establishment of precise distributions for each category. Extensive experimentation demonstrates that PPPC not only helps to address ambiguity at the pixel level, yielding discriminative representations but also achieves significant improvements in both synthetic-to-real and day-to-night adaptation tasks. It surpasses the previous state-of-the-art (SOTA) by +5.2% mIoU in the most challenging daytime-to-nighttime adaptation scenario, exhibiting stronger generalization on other unseen datasets. The code and models are available at https://github.com/DarlingInTheSV/Probabilistic-Prototypical-Pixel-Contrast.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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