我们后院中的哈勃张力：DESI与后发星系团的近距离
The Hubble Tension in our own Backyard: DESI and the Nearness of the Coma Cluster
AI总结：
本研究利用DESI基础面关系和多种独立距离测量方法测定后发星系团距离，得出$H_0=76.5\pm2.2$ km/s/Mpc，发现其与Planck+$Λ$CDM预期的距离存在显著冲突，揭示了局部距离测量与宇宙学预期间更普遍的哈勃张力。
摘要：
暗能量光谱仪（DESI）合作组织利用最深层、最均匀的早期型星系样本的基础面（FP）关系，测量了哈勃常数（$H_0$）与后发星系团距离之间的紧密关系。为了确定 $H_0$，我们通过几条独立路线测量了后发星系团的距离，每条路线都有其自身的几何参考。我们根据星系团内的12颗Ia型超新星（SNe Ia）测量了后发星系团的最精确距离，其平均标准化亮度为 $m_B^0=15.712\pm0.041$ mag。利用HST距离阶梯校准SNe Ia的绝对星等，得到 $D_{\textrm Coma}=98.5\pm2.2$ Mpc，与其95--100 Mpc的经典值一致。该距离通过DESI FP关系得出 $H_0=76.5 \pm 2.2$ km/s/Mpc。若改为使用 Planck+$Λ$CDM 的 $H_0=67.4$ km/s/Mpc 值校准来反转DESI关系，则意味着后发星系团的距离要远得多，即 $D_{\textrm Coma}=111.8\pm1.8$ Mpc，超出了联合直接测量值 $4.6σ$。独立于SNe Ia，由造父变星校准的HST关键项目FP关系、来自JWST的红巨星支尖或HST近红外表面亮度起伏，均得出 $D_{\textrm Coma}<$ 100 Mpc，它们自身与Planck校准路线在 $>3σ$ 上存在张力。从追溯至1990年汇编的大量距离估计来看，很难看出后发星系团怎么可能位于 Planck+$Λ$CDM 预期的 $>$110 Mpc 那么远。通过将哈勃图扩展到后发星系团——这个我们后院中在哈勃张力出现之前距离就已很好吻合的经过充分研究的地点，DESI表明我们对局部距离的认识与宇宙学预期之间存在更普遍的冲突。我们期望未来的计划能精炼后发星系团及更近星系团的距离，以帮助阐明哈勃张力的这一新的局部窗口。
英文摘要：
The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration measured a tight relation between the Hubble constant ($H_0$) and the distance to the Coma cluster using the fundamental plane (FP) relation of the deepest, most homogeneous sample of early-type galaxies. To determine $H_0$, we measure the distance to Coma by several independent routes each with its own geometric reference. We measure the most precise distance to Coma from 12 Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) in the cluster with mean standardized brightness of $m_B^0=15.712\pm0.041$ mag. Calibrating the absolute magnitude of SNe Ia with the HST distance ladder yields $D_{\textrm Coma}=98.5\pm2.2$ Mpc, consistent with its canonical value of 95--100 Mpc. This distance results in $H_0=76.5 \pm 2.2$ km/s/Mpc from the DESI FP relation. Inverting the DESI relation by calibrating it instead to the Planck+$Λ$CDM value of $H_0=67.4$ km/s/Mpc implies a much greater distance to Coma, $D_{\textrm Coma}=111.8\pm1.8$ Mpc, $4.6σ$ beyond a joint, direct measure. Independent of SNe Ia, the HST Key Project FP relation as calibrated by Cepheids, Tip of the Red Giant Branch from JWST, or HST NIR surface brightness fluctuations all yield $D_{\textrm Coma}<$ 100 Mpc, in joint tension themselves with the Planck-calibrated route at $>3σ$. From a broad array of distance estimates compiled back to 1990, it is hard to see how Coma could be located as far as the Planck+$Λ$CDM expectation of $>$110 Mpc. By extending the Hubble diagram to Coma, a well-studied location in our own backyard whose distance was in good accord well before the Hubble Tension, DESI indicates a more pervasive conflict between our knowledge of local distances and cosmological expectations. We expect future programs to refine the distance to Coma and nearer clusters to help illuminate this new, local window on the Hubble Tension.
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