面向青少年的性健康对话代理（CAs）的现状趋势与未来方向：一项范围综述
Current Trends and Future Directions for Sexual Health Conversational Agents (CAs) for Youth: A Scoping Review
AI总结：
本范围综述评估了过去14年面向青少年的性健康对话代理研究，发现其多采用医疗人员角色和基于规则技术，但存在信息有限、缺乏包容性及安全功能等问题，并指出基于LLM的新趋势需优先考虑隐私安全与伦理开发。
AI中文摘要：
对话代理（Conversational Agents, CAs，即聊天机器人）是能够使用自然人类对话与用户进行交互的系统。尽管关于性健康CAs的大部分研究集中在成年人群，但此类研究的见解可能不适用于面向青少年的CAs。本研究旨在全面评估面向青少年的性健康CAs的最新研究进展。遵循系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，我们综合了过去14年中专门针对为青少年设计的性健康CAs的同行评审研究。我们发现，大多数性健康CAs被设计为采用医疗专业人员的角色，为青少年提供一般的性与生殖健康信息。文本是所有性健康CAs的主要交流方式，其中一半支持多媒体输出。许多性健康CAs采用基于规则的技术来提供预先编写的性健康专家知识；然而，大多数性健康CAs没有配备相应的安全功能。虽然青少年很欣赏能够就性健康话题进行无偏见且保密的对话的便利性，但他们认为当前的性健康CAs提供的性健康信息有限，且未包容性少数和/或性别少数群体。我们的综述表明，性健康CAs需要进一步的开发与评估，并指出了未来工作的多个重要领域。虽然基于大型语言模型（LLMs）的CAs新趋势可以使此类技术更加可行，但系统的隐私和安全应被优先考虑。最后，需要制定与青少年共同或为青少年进行性健康CAs风险缓解和伦理开发的最佳实践。
英文摘要：
Conversational Agents (CAs, chatbots) are systems with the ability to interact with users using natural human dialogue. While much of the research on CAs for sexual health has focused on adult populations, the insights from such research may not apply to CAs for youth. The study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the state-of-the-art research on sexual health CAs for youth. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we synthesized peer-reviewed studies specific to sexual health CAs designed for youth over the past 14 years. We found that most sexual health CAs were designed to adopt the persona of health professionals to provide general sexual and reproductive health information for youth. Text was the primary communication mode in all sexual health CAs, with half supporting multimedia output. Many sexual health CAs employed rule-based techniques to deliver pre-written expert knowledge on sexual health; yet most sexual health CAs did not have the safety features in place. While youth appreciated accessibility to non-judgmental and confidential conversations about sexual health topics, they perceived current sexual health CAs provided limited sexual health information that is not inclusive of sexual and/or gender minorities. Our review brings to light sexual health CAs needing further development and evaluation and we identify multiple important areas for future work. While the new trend of large language models (LLMs) based CAs can make such technologies more feasible, the privacy and safety of the systems should be prioritized. Finally, best practices for risk mitigation and ethical development of sexual health CAs with and for youth are needed.
