自旋空间群的不可约表示的构造与应用
Constructions and Applications of Irreducible Representations of Spin-Space Groups
AI总结:
本文系统研究了自旋空间群(SSGs)的不可约表示,通过哈密顿方法约化投影正则表示,并将其应用于磁性材料电子与磁振子能带结构分析,为探索复杂对称性提供了实用工具包。
摘要:
自旋空间群(SSGs)将传统空间群(SGs)和磁性空间群(MSGs)作为子集包含在内,描述了具有弱自旋轨道耦合(SOC)的磁性材料的完整对称性。在本工作中,我们通过关注任意动量点 $\pmb k$ 的小共群 $L(k)$ 的投影不可约表示,系统地研究了 SSGs 的不可约表示。我们分析了 $L(k)$ 的因子系统,然后使用哈密顿方法将 $L(k)$ 的投影正则表示约化为不可约表示的直和。特别是,对于包含连续自旋旋转操作的共线 SSGs,我们采用离散子群来有效地捕捉其特征。此外,我们将 SSGs 的表示理论应用于研究磁性材料中电子和磁振子的能带结构。在识别出 SSG 对称性群之后,我们提取相关的不可约表示并确定了 $k\cdot p$ 模型。作为示例,我们说明了我们的方法如何应用于材料 \ch{Mn3Sn}。我们观察到了由 SSG 对称性促成的简并,突显了其在材料分析中应用的有效性。SSG 识别和表示代码已上传至 GitHub,所有 SSGs 的不可约表示信息也可在在线数据库中获取。我们的工作为探索磁性材料的复杂对称性提供了实用工具包,并为未来材料科学的进展铺平了道路。
英文摘要:
Spin-space groups (SSGs), including the traditional space groups (SGs) and magnetic space groups (MSGs) as subsets, describe the complete symmetries of magnetic materials with weak spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In the present work, we systematically study the irreducible representations (irreps) of SSGs by focusing on the projective irreps of the little co-group $L(k)$ of any momentum point $\pmb k$. We analysis the factor systems of $L(k)$, and then reduce the projective regular representation of $L(k)$ into direct sum of irreps using the Hamiltonian approach. Especially, for collinear SSGs which contain continuous spin rotation operations, we adopt discrete subgroups to effectively capture their characteristics. Furthermore, we apply the representation theory of SSGs to study the band structure of electrons and magnons in magnetic materials. After identifying the SSG symmetry group, we extract relevant irreps and determine the $k\cdot p$ models. As an example, we illustrate how our approach works for the material \ch{Mn3Sn}. Degeneracies facilitated by SSG symmetry are observed, underscoring the effectiveness of application in material analysis. The SSG recognition and representation code is uploaded to GitHub, the information of irreps of all SSGs is also available in the online Database. Our work provides a practical toolkit for exploring the intricate symmetries of magnetic materials and paves the way for future advances in materials science.
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