arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2409.12367cs.LGcs.AIcs.CR
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通过分解提取被记忆的训练数据

Extracting Memorized Training Data via Decomposition

Robust Intelligence(鲁棒智能公司)

Ellen Su, Anu Vellore, Amy Chang, Raffaele Mura, Blaine Nelson, Paul Kassianik, Amin Karbasi

AI总结:

本文提出一种基于查询和指令分解的训练数据提取方法,从两个前沿LLM中逐片段复现《纽约时报》文章,揭示其记忆与数据泄露风险。

摘要:

大型语言模型(LLM)在社会中的广泛使用给开发者、组织和终端用户都带来了新的信息安全挑战。LLM在大量数据上训练,而它们可能泄露源训练数据集确切内容这一特性带来了安全与保障风险。尽管当前的对齐流程限制了常见的危险行为,但并不能完全阻止LLM泄露数据。先前工作表明,LLM可能被分布外查询或对抗性技术诱骗而泄露训练数据。本文展示了一种简单的、基于查询的分解方法,用于从两个前沿LLM中提取新闻文章。我们使用指令分解技术,逐步提取训练数据片段。在3723篇《纽约时报》文章中,我们从73篇文章中提取出至少一句逐字句子,并从6篇文章中提取出超过20%的逐字句子。我们的分析表明,该方法成功诱导LLM生成可靠复现新闻文章的文本,这意味着这些文本很可能来源于源训练数据集。该方法简单、可泛化,且不会微调或更改生产模型。如果能够大规模复现,这种训练数据提取方法可能暴露新的LLM安全与保障漏洞,包括隐私风险和未经授权的数据泄露。这些影响需要从模型开发到最终使用的全过程都得到审慎考虑。

英文摘要:

The widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in society creates new information security challenges for developers, organizations, and end-users alike. LLMs are trained on large volumes of data, and their susceptibility to reveal the exact contents of the source training datasets poses security and safety risks. Although current alignment procedures restrict common risky behaviors, they do not completely prevent LLMs from leaking data. Prior work demonstrated that LLMs may be tricked into divulging training data by using out-of-distribution queries or adversarial techniques. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple, query-based decompositional method to extract news articles from two frontier LLMs. We use instruction decomposition techniques to incrementally extract fragments of training data. Out of 3723 New York Times articles, we extract at least one verbatim sentence from 73 articles, and over 20% of verbatim sentences from 6 articles. Our analysis demonstrates that this method successfully induces the LLM to generate texts that are reliable reproductions of news articles, meaning that they likely originate from the source training dataset. This method is simple, generalizable, and does not fine-tune or change the production model. If replicable at scale, this training data extraction methodology could expose new LLM security and safety vulnerabilities, including privacy risks and unauthorized data leaks. These implications require careful consideration from model development to its end-use.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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