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arXiv 2409.11491cs.CL
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通过大语言模型丰富数据集的人口统计信息:名字中藏着什么?

Enriching Datasets with Demographics through Large Language Models: What's in a Name?

Khalifa University(哈利法大学);Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA)(阿布扎比投资局)

Khaled AlNuaimi, Gautier Marti, Mathieu Ravaut, Abdulla AlKetbi, Andreas Henschel, Raed Jaradat

AI总结:

针对姓名人口统计预测缺乏优质公开数据集和跨域鲁棒方法的问题,本文提出利用大语言模型零样本能力实现与定制模型相当的效果,并评估其固有偏差,推动领域发展并开辟偏差缓解研究方向。

摘要:

从姓名中提取性别、种族、年龄等人口统计信息以丰富数据集,是医疗保健、公共政策、社会科学等领域的关键任务。这类人口统计洞察有助于更精准、有效地对接目标人群。尽管已有研究采用隐马尔可夫模型和循环神经网络从姓名预测人口统计属性,但仍存在显著局限:缺乏大规模、精心整理、无偏的公开数据集,也缺乏跨数据集鲁棒性强的方法。这一匮乏阻碍了传统监督学习方法的发展。本文证明,大语言模型(LLMs)的零样本能力表现即使不优于在专用数据上训练的定制模型,也能与其持平。我们将这些LLMs应用于多个数据集,包括一个真实的香港持牌金融从业者无标注数据集,并严格评估了这些模型固有的人口统计偏差。本研究不仅推动了人口统计信息丰富领域的前沿进展,也为未来缓解LLMs偏差的研究开辟了方向。

英文摘要:

Enriching datasets with demographic information, such as gender, race, and age from names, is a critical task in fields like healthcare, public policy, and social sciences. Such demographic insights allow for more precise and effective engagement with target populations. Despite previous efforts employing hidden Markov models and recurrent neural networks to predict demographics from names, significant limitations persist: the lack of large-scale, well-curated, unbiased, publicly available datasets, and the lack of an approach robust across datasets. This scarcity has hindered the development of traditional supervised learning approaches. In this paper, we demonstrate that the zero-shot capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can perform as well as, if not better than, bespoke models trained on specialized data. We apply these LLMs to a variety of datasets, including a real-life, unlabelled dataset of licensed financial professionals in Hong Kong, and critically assess the inherent demographic biases in these models. Our work not only advances the state-of-the-art in demographic enrichment but also opens avenues for future research in mitigating biases in LLMs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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