arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2409.09692cs.LG
收藏

跨国尺度下的建筑类型与功能预测

Predicting building types and functions at transnational scale

Jonas Fill, Michael Eichelbeck, Michael Ebner

AI总结:

本研究首次依托开放GIS数据集,采用基于局部子图训练的图Transformer模型,实现欧洲尺度建筑类型与功能分类,验证了跨国分类可行性及邻域信息、局部子图对性能的提升作用。

摘要:

建筑类型与功能信息等建筑专属知识对众多能源应用至关重要。然而,欧洲许多地区缺乏包含单个家庭建筑相关信息的综合数据集。本研究首次探究了仅依托各国可获取的开放GIS数据集,在欧洲尺度上预测建筑类型与功能类别是否可行。我们在一个涵盖欧盟、挪威、瑞士和英国的OpenStreetMap(OSM,开放街图)建筑的大规模图数据集上,训练了图神经网络(GNN)分类器。为利用大规模图高效完成训练,我们采用了局部子图方法。图Transformer模型在将建筑分为9个类别时,取得了0.754的高Cohen's kappa系数;在将建筑分为住宅与非住宅两类时,取得了0.844的极高Cohen's kappa系数。实验结果表明本研究为相关领域带来三项核心创新贡献。第一,研究证实,以2D建筑形状、土地利用、城市化程度、国家信息为输入,以OSM标签为真值,利用多源数据集实现跨国建筑分类是可行的。第二,结果表明,与仅考虑单个建筑、忽略邻域信息的模型相比,纳入建筑邻域上下文信息的GNN模型能提升预测性能。第三,研究表明,在建筑分类任务中,使用基于局部子图训练的GNN比标准GNN的性能更优。

英文摘要:

Building-specific knowledge such as building type and function information is important for numerous energy applications. However, comprehensive datasets containing this information for individual households are missing in many regions of Europe. For the first time, we investigate whether it is feasible to predict building types and functional classes at a European scale based on only open GIS datasets available across countries. We train a graph neural network (GNN) classifier on a large-scale graph dataset consisting of OpenStreetMap (OSM) buildings across the EU, Norway, Switzerland, and the UK. To efficiently perform training using the large-scale graph, we utilize localized subgraphs. A graph transformer model achieves a high Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.754 when classifying buildings into 9 classes, and a very high Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.844 when classifying buildings into the residential and non-residential classes. The experimental results imply three core novel contributions to literature. Firstly, we show that building classification across multiple countries is possible using a multi-source dataset consisting of information about 2D building shape, land use, degree of urbanization, and countries as input, and OSM tags as ground truth. Secondly, our results indicate that GNN models that consider contextual information about building neighborhoods improve predictive performance compared to models that only consider individual buildings and ignore the neighborhood. Thirdly, we show that training with GNNs on localized subgraphs instead of standard GNNs improves performance for the task of building classification.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑