DE-STAR空间激光器的最小安全距离
Minimum Safe Distances for DE-STAR Space Lasers
AI总结：
针对DE-STAR空间相控激光阵列可能被恶意用于攻击地球的风险，研究了通过部署距离保障安全的方案，明确了不同量级阵列的安全部署条件及高功率阵列的额外安全需求。
摘要：
近年来，空间相控激光阵列的发展前景受到了广泛关注，其在行星防御和空间探索领域均有应用。针对这类设计开展的最为详尽的研究是DE-STAR相控阵列，全称为Directed Energy Systems for Targeting of Asteroids and exploRation（定向能小行星瞄准与探索系统）。DE-STAR采用方形模块化设计，利用空间中太阳能电池组产生的能量来生成并放大激光束的功率。特定的DE-STAR设计表示为DE-STAR n，其中“n”（通常在0-4范围内）对应方形激光组边长（以米为单位）的以10为底的对数值。DE-STAR 4结构（10千米×10千米的方形）能够产生数十吉瓦量级的激光束，显然这类资产存在被当作武器瞄准地球目标的潜在风险。这自然引出了一个问题：有哪些有效方法可以消除或至少减轻这种可能的滥用，以确保这些高功率空间激光器仅用于既定目的，而绝不会被用于恶意用途。一种解决方案是将DE-STAR部署在足够远的位置，使得激光到达地球时的通量过低（不足以造成危害）。研究结果表明，假设它们需位于距离太阳1天文单位的位置，DE-STAR 0-2阵列存在不会对地球构成危险的可行部署位置。对于DE-STAR 4-5阵列，由于其功率极高，必须采用本文未考虑的其他安全措施。太阳系中DE-STAR激光器与地球没有直接视线的位置往往不稳定，需要使用星载推进系统进行定期校正，或者更理想的是利用激光自身的反推力进行校正。
英文摘要：
The prospect of phased laser arrays in space has received considerable attention in recent years, with applications to both planetary defence and space exploration. The most detailed investigation conducted into such a design is that of the DE-STAR phased array, standing for $\textbf{D}$irected $\textbf{E}$nergy $\textbf{S}$ystems for $\textbf{T}$argeting of $\textbf{A}$steroids and explo$\textbf{R}$ation. DE-STAR is a square modular design which exploits the energy created by banks of solar cells in space to generate and amplify the power of a laser beam. A specific DE-STAR design is expressed as DE-STAR n, where 'n' (typically in the range 0 - 4) equates to the log to base 10 of the side, in metres, of a square bank of lasers. With a DE-STAR 4 structure (10 km $\times$ 10 km square) capable of generating a laser beam on the order of tens of gigawatts, clearly there is the potential for such an asset to be deployed as a weapon by targeting locations on Earth. This naturally leads to the question of what effective ways can this possible misuse be removed or at least mitigated, to ensure these powerful space lasers can only be used for their intended purpose, and never malevolent reasons. One solution would be to locate the DE-STAR far enough away so that the laser flux at Earth would be too low. Results indicate that given they should lie 1 au from the Sun, there are feasible locations for DE-STAR 0-2 arrays where there is no danger to Earth. For DE-STAR 4-5, such is their power, safety measures other than those considered here would have to be adopted. Positions in the Solar System where the DE-STAR lasers have no direct line-of-sight with Earth tend to be unstable, and would require regular corrections using an on-board propulsion system, or preferably using push-back from the laser itself.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
