近最优相干态鉴别 via 连续标记非高斯测量
Near-optimal coherent state discrimination via continuously labelled non-Gaussian measurements
AI总结：
本文提出通过连续标记非高斯测量实现近最优相干态鉴别，超越高斯极限，无需光子检测，且在低能量下接近Hellstrom界。
摘要：
量子态鉴别在量子信息和通信中起着核心作用。对于光学量子态的鉴别，最广泛采用的两种测量技术是产生离散结果的光子检测，以及产生连续结果的锁相检测。尽管已经提出了多种使用光子检测的协议，用于在两个相干态之间实现最优和近最优鉴别，但锁相检测已知具有更高的误判率，其最小可实现的误判率通常被称为高斯极限。在本工作中，我们证明，尽管离散标记和连续标记测量之间存在根本差异，连续标记非高斯测量也能实现近最优的相干态鉴别。我们设计了两种鉴别协议，超越了高斯极限：一种使用非高斯单元操作与锁相检测，另一种基于正交多项式。我们的结果表明，光子检测并非近最优相干态鉴别的必要条件，并且在低能量下，通过连续标记测量可以实现接近Hellstrom界的结果。我们还发现，我们的方案在相干态振幅的中等范围内优于基于光子检测的Kennedy接收器。
英文摘要：
Quantum state discrimination plays a central role in quantum information and communication. For the discrimination of optical quantum states, the two most widely adopted measurement techniques are photon detection, which produces discrete outcomes, and homodyne detection, which produces continuous outcomes. While various protocols using photon detection have been proposed for optimal and near-optimal discrimination between two coherent states, homodyne detection is known to have higher error rates, with its minimum achievable error rate often referred to as the Gaussian limit. In this work, we demonstrate that, despite the fundamental differences between discretely labelled and continuously labelled measurements, continuously labelled non-Gaussian measurements can also achieve near-optimal coherent state discrimination. We design two discrimination protocols that surpass the Gaussian limit: one using non-Gaussian unitary operations with homodyne detection, and another based on orthogonal polynomials. Our results show that photon detection is not required for near-optimal coherent state discrimination and that we can achieve error rates close to the Helstrom bound at low energies with continuously labelled measurements. We also find that our schemes maintain an advantage over the photon detection-based Kennedy receiver for a moderate range of coherent state amplitudes.
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