动态同时多线程架构
Dynamic Simultaneous Multithreaded Architecture
AI总结：
本研究提出动态同时多线程架构DSMT，通过动态生成推测线程、状态位机制管理依赖与恢复、贪心策略选代码段来提升单程序下SMT性能，同时指出需平衡线程级并行开发与推测错误率的挑战。
摘要：
本文提出了动态同时多线程架构（Dynamic Simultaneous Multi-threaded Architecture，DSMT）。DSMT可在单个SMT（同时多线程）处理器核心上高效执行来自同一程序的多个线程。为实现这一点，线程从可预测的控制流中动态生成，随后进行推测执行。DSMT在单上下文非推测执行阶段获取的数据会作为提示，用于推测多个线程的后续行为。DSMT采用基于状态位的简单机制，可追踪寄存器和内存中的线程间依赖关系、同步线程执行并控制推测错误后的恢复。此外，DSMT使用一种新颖的贪心策略，根据代码段的过往执行历史选择能带来最高性能的代码段。研究人员使用一款全新的周期精确、执行驱动的模拟器对DSMT架构进行了仿真。仿真结果表明，即便只有单个程序可用，DSMT在提升SMT性能方面仍极具潜力。但研究也发现，动态线程行为加上频繁的推测错误也可能导致性能收益递减。因此，当前的挑战在于最大化DSMT能够开发的线程级并行度，同时降低推测错误的发生频率。
英文摘要：
This paper presents the Dynamic Simultaneous Multi-threaded Architecture (DSMT). DSMT efficiently exe-cutes multiple threads from a single program on a SMT processor core. To accomplish this, threads are generated dynamically from a predictable flow of control and then executed speculatively. Data obtained during the single context non-speculative execution phase of DSMT is used as a hint to speculate the posterior behavior of multiple threads. DSMT employs simple mechanisms based on state bits that keep track of inter-thread dependencies in registers and memory, synchronize thread execution, and control recovery from misspeculation. Moreover, DSMT utilizes a novel greedy policy for choosing those sections of code which provide the highest performance based on their past execution history. The DSMT architecture was simulated with a new cycle-accurate, execution-driven simulator. Our simulation results show that DSMT has very good potential to improve SMT performance, even when only a single program is available. However, we found that dynamic thread behavior together with fre-quent misspeculation may also produce diminishing re-turns in performance. Therefore, the challenge is to max-imize the amount of thread-level parallelism that DSMT is capable of exploiting and at the same time reduce the fre-quency of misspeculations.
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