中国横笛（dizi）共鸣器的声学特性研究
Acoustic Characterization of the Resonator in the Chinese Transverse Flute (dizi)
AI总结：
本研究针对中国传统横笛dizi的共鸣器线性声学特性展开，通过含多类孔结构的声学模型，结合TMM与TMMI方法分析输入导纳，明确了笛膜、上游分支及两类音孔晶格对声学特性的影响，且TMMI建模精度更优。
摘要：
dizi（中国横笛）是中国传统横吹笛子，其与西方长笛最显著的区别在于设有一个覆盖着褶皱笛膜的膜孔。本研究通过一个纳入了钻制音孔、后端出音孔、膜孔以及上游吹孔的详细声学模型，分析了dizi共鸣器的线性声学行为。研究采用传递矩阵法（TMM）和带外部相互作用的传递矩阵法（TMMI）对dizi的输入导纳进行了测量与建模。与测量结果对比显示，TMMI比TMM能更准确地对dizi进行建模。分析表明，粘贴笛膜会使导纳峰值向更低频率偏移，降低其幅值，并影响不同峰值和指法下的音准与谐波性。研究进一步发现，包含吹孔的上游分支增加了音孔晶格截止频率的评估难度，这表明在长笛类乐器中可能无需考虑该参数。不同指法下的截止频率呈现出明显的分组特征，这一特性受dizi中两类不同音孔晶格（指孔晶格和端孔晶格）的影响。
英文摘要：
The dizi is a traditional Chinese transverse flute and is most distinguished from the western flute by the presence of a hole covered by a wrinkled membrane. In this study, we analyze the linear acoustical behavior of the dizi resonator through a detailed acoustical model that incorporates drilled toneholes, back end-holes, membrane hole, and upstream embouchure hole. The input admittance of the dizi is measured and modeled using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and Transfer Matrix Method with external Interactions (TMMI). In comparison to measurements, the TMMI is shown to more accurately model the dizi than the TMM when compared to measurements. Our analysis reveals that attaching the membrane shifts admittance peaks to lower frequencies, reduces their magnitude, and influences tuning and harmonicity for different peaks and fingerings. The study further shows that the upstream branch, which includes the embouchure hole, complicates the evaluation of the tonehole lattice cutoff frequency, suggesting that it may not need to be considered for flute instruments. Cutoff frequencies exhibit distinct groupings across fingerings, influenced by the different tonehole lattices in the dizi: finger-hole lattice and end-hole lattice.
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