低雷诺数下绕壁面安装海豚背鳍流动的数值研究
Numerical Study of Flow Past a Wall-Mounted Dolphin Dorsal Fin at Low Reynolds Numbers
AI总结：
本文基于真实海豚扫描建立壁面安装背鳍模型，利用 NEK5000 在多攻角和低雷诺数工况下开展三维数值模拟，揭示升阻力变化及复杂涡结构。
摘要：
海豚游泳一直是一个引人入胜的研究领域，但背鳍的水动力学仍未得到充分探索。本研究对绕壁面安装的海豚背鳍的流动进行了三维模拟，该背鳍几何来源于真实海豚扫描。研究采用 NEK5000（谱元法），并使用二阶 hex20 网格，以确保模拟的高精度和计算效率。共模拟了13个工况，覆盖从$0^\circ$到$60^\circ$的攻角（AoA）以及691至2000之间的雷诺数（Re）。结果表明，阻力和升力均随攻角显著增加。在$\text{AoA}=0^\circ$时几乎观察不到涡，而在$\text{AoA}\geq30^\circ$时出现复杂的涡结构，包括半马蹄涡、发夹涡、拱形涡和尾流涡。本研究提供的见解可为下一代水下机器人、热交换器和潜艇指挥台围壳的设计提供参考。
英文摘要：
Dolphin swimming has been a captivating area of study, yet the hydrodynamics of the dorsal fin remain underexplored. In this study, we present three-dimensional simulations of flow around a wall-mounted dolphin dorsal fin, derived from a real dolphin scan. The NEK5000 (spectral element method) is employed with a second-order hex20 mesh to ensure high accuracy and computational efficiency in the simulations. A total of 13 cases were simulated, covering angles of attack (AoA) ranging from $0^\circ$ to $60^\circ$ and Reynolds numbers ($\text{Re}$) between 691 and 2000. Our results show that both drag and lift increase significantly with the AoA. Almost no vortex is observed at $\text{AoA} = 0^\circ$, whereas complex vortex structures emerge for $\text{AoA} \geq 30^\circ$, including half-horseshoe, hairpin, arch, and wake vortices. This study offers insights that could inform the design of next-generation underwater robots, heat exchangers, and submarine sails.
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