伽马射线暴宿主星系中尘埃消光的简单模型
A simple model of dust extinction in gamma-ray burst host galaxies
AI总结：
本文提出一种基于幂律加德鲁德轮廓的GRB宿主星系尘埃消光曲线参数化模型，利用Swift/GROND数据测量了10个GRB的消光曲线，发现平均曲线介于SMC与LMC模板之间。
摘要：
伽马射线暴（GRB）余辉是研究其宿主星系在不同红移下的各种性质（例如星际尘埃）的有力探针。通过在宽广的波长范围内拟合其光谱能量分布（SED），我们可以通过研究消光曲线直接了解星际尘埃的性质。与平均银河系（MW）或小麦哲伦云和大麦哲伦云（SMC和LMC）等尘埃消光模板不同，本星系群之外星系的消光曲线表现出对这些定律的偏离。X射线和伽马射线卫星以及地面望远镜，例如尼尔·格雷尔斯·斯威夫特天文台（Swift）和伽马射线光学与近红外探测器（GROND），共同提供了从X射线到近红外波段的余辉测量，这些测量可用于提取沿视线方向的尘埃消光曲线信息。本文所呈现的研究开展了这样一项测光研究，构成SVOM任务及其地面后续跟踪望远镜COLIBRI的预备工作。我们提出了一种对GRB宿主星系尘埃消光曲线的简单参数化方法。我们的模型基于幂律形式，并附加了一个洛伦兹型德鲁德轮廓，包含两个参数：消光斜率γ和2175 Å凸起幅度E_b。利用GROND的七个滤光波段，我们测试了我们的尘埃消光模型，并通过拟合基于不同消光曲线模板的GRB余辉光谱简化模拟的SED，探索了消光和红移的参数空间。从10个真实的Swift/GROND受消光GRB的最终样本中，我们确定了其宿主中尘埃消光的量，并测量了它们的消光曲线。测得的平均消光曲线相当于一个介于SMC和LMC模板之间的准无特征模板。
英文摘要：
Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows are powerful probes for studying the different properties of their host galaxies (e.g., the interstellar dust) at all redshifts. By fitting their spectral energy distribution (SED) over a large range of wavelengths, we can gain direct insights into the properties of the interstellar dust by studying the extinction curves. Unlike the dust extinction templates, such as the average Milky Way (MW) or the Small and Large Magellanic Cloud (SMC and LMC), the extinction curves of galaxies outside the Local Group exhibit deviation from these laws. Altogether, X-ray and gamma-ray satellites as well as ground-based telescopes, such as Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift) and Gamma-Ray Optical and Near-Infrared Detector (GROND), provide measurements of the afterglows from the X-ray to the NIR, which can be used to extract information on dust extinction curves along their lines of sight. The study presented in this paper undertakes such a photometric study, comprising a preparatory work for the SVOM mission and its ground-based follow-up telescope COLIBRI. We propose a simple parameterization of the dust extinction curve of GRB host galaxies. Our model is based on a power law form with the addition of a Loretzian-like Drude profile with two parameters: the extinction slope, $γ$, and the 2175 $Å$ bump amplitude, $E_\rm{b}$. Using the seven GROND filter bands, we tested our dust extinction model and explored the parameter space in extinction and redshift by fitting SEDs of simplified simulations of GRB afterglow spectra based on different extinction curve templates. From a final sample of 10 real Swift/GROND extinguished GRBs, we determined the quantities of the dust extinction in their host and measured their extinction curves. The measured average extinction curve is equivalent to a quasi-featureless in-between SMC-LMC template.
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