意大利弹簧加速度计在BepiColombo第二次金星借力飞行期间对意外非引力扰动的测量
Italian Spring Accelerometer measurements of unexpected Non Gravitational Perturbation during BepiColombo second Venus swing-by
AI总结：
本文基于BepiColombo第二次金星借力飞行中ISA加速度计数据，首次直接探测到地外天体产生的重力梯度效应，并通过AOCS力矩信息分析了一次意外加速度事件，将其归因于作用在MPO散热器附近的实际净力。
摘要：
意大利弹簧加速度计（ISA）是一种三轴质量-弹簧加速度计，是欧洲空间局（ESA）与日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）联合开展的BepiColombo空间任务的有效载荷之一。2018年10月发射时，BepiColombo以三个不同模块堆叠的形式开始了为期七年的巡航，整体称为水星复合航天器（MCS）。该航天器将利用其电推力器为BepiColombo提供到达水星所需的Delta V，并分别借助地球、金星和水星的一次、两次和六次引力辅助。该加速度计安装在水星行星轨道器（MPO）模块上，并与Ka波段应答机（KaT）跟踪数据一起，主要用于BepiColombo无线电科学实验（BC-RSE）。在第二次金星借力飞行期间，预计会有强烈的潮汐效应和外部扰动作用于航天器，并能被ISA检测到。此次借力飞行的最近距离约为550 km，IDA敏感元件上预期的重力梯度被精确测量。因此，本文展示了首次由地外天体产生的直接重力梯度效应探测。然而，在最近接近点附近，测量结果显示出一次持续数分钟的虚假加速度事件。本工作利用姿态与轨道控制系统（AOCS）指令力矩的信息，聚焦并分析了这一ISA加速度信号，将其归因于实际作用在MCS航天器上的净力。此外，利用一种估计方法，该力的作用点被限定在靠近MPO散热器的区域。
英文摘要：
The Italian Spring Accelerometer (ISA) is a three axis mass-spring accelerometer, one of the payloads of the BepiColombo joint space mission between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). At launch in October 2018, BepiColombo started its seven-year cruise as a stack of three different modules, overall named Mercury Composite Spacecraft (MCS). The spacecraft will provide BepiColombo the necessary Delta V to reach Mercury with its electric thrusters and along with one, two and six gravity assists, respectively with Earth, Venus and Mercury. The accelerometer is accommodated on the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) module and, jointly with the Ka-band Transponder (KaT) tracking data, will primarily serve the BepiColombo Radio Science Experiment (BC-RSE). During the second Venus swing-by, strong tidal effect and external perturbations was expected to act on the spacecraft and to become detectable by ISA. The swing-by had a closest approach of about 550 km and the gravity gradient expected on the IDA sensing elements was perfectly measured. Hence, in this paper, the first direct Gravity Gradient effect detection generated by an extraterrestrial body is shown. Nevertheless, around the closest approach, the measurements evidenced a spurious acceleration event lasting for several minutes. This work, exploiting information on the Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) commanded torques, focuses and analyses this ISA acceleration signal, ascribing it to a net force really acting on the MCS spacecraft. Furthermore, using an estimation method, the application point of the force is confined to an area close to the MPO radiator.
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