自适应光学热红外观测的探测极限：I. 观测数据
Detection Limits of Thermal-Infrared Observations with Adaptive Optics: I. Observational Data
AI总结：
本研究调查了热背景对地基热红外观测的影响，通过分析VLT/NACO和KECK/NIRC2数据，发现自适应光学系统的活动与背景波动相关，其镜面瞳孔调制引入的高频波动可能限制探测极限。
摘要：
地基热红外观测在校正由大气和望远镜本身作为热辐射发出的大量背景时面临重大挑战。随着即将到来的40米级ELTs，从地面将达到前所未有的灵敏度，这凸显了对更复杂背景校正策略的需求。本研究旨在调查热背景对地基观测的影响，并确定专门校正策略中可能的限制因素。我们评估了使用不同望远镜和观测模式获取的直接成像数据中热背景的时间和空间特征。具体而言，分析了使用VLT/NACO和KECK/NIRC2获取的三个不同数据集。我们的分析表明，观测并未完全受限于光子散粒噪声，而是由于不同数据集中不完善的背景补偿表现出额外的灵敏度损失。我们确定了背景波动与自适应光学系统活动之间的相关性。我们假设自适应光学镜的瞳孔调制为背景引入了高频空间和时间波动，如果未得到充分补偿，最终可能限制探测极限。
英文摘要：
Ground-based thermal infrared observations face substantial challenges in correcting the predominant background emitted as thermal radiation from the atmosphere and the telescope itself. With the upcoming 40\,m class ELTs, unprecedented sensitivities from ground will be reached, underlining the need of even more sophisticated background correction strategies. This study aims to investigate the impact of thermal backgrounds on ground-based observations and identify possible limiting factors in dedicated correction strategies. We evaluate temporal and spatial characteristics of the thermal background in direct imaging data obtained with different telescopes and observation modes. In particular, three distinct datasets, acquired using VLT/NACO and KECK/NIRC2, are analyzed. Our analysis reveals that the observations are not fully photon shot noise limited, but exhibit additional sensitivity losses caused by imperfect background compensation in the different datasets. We identify correlations between background fluctuations and the activity of the adaptive optics system. We hypothesize that the pupil modulation of the adaptive optics mirrors introduces high frequency spatial and temporal fluctuations to the background, which could ultimately constrain the detection limit if they are not compensated adequately.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
