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arXiv 2408.09560econ.EM
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用于估计离散选择模型中异质性参数的深度学习

Deep Learning for the Estimation of Heterogeneous Parameters in Discrete Choice Models

Stephan Hetzenecker, Maximilian Osterhaus

AI总结:

本文研究了基于深度学习的离散选择模型异质性参数估计法的有限样本表现,通过蒙特卡洛实验发现正则化虽能稳定估计但会引入偏差致推断无效,而重复样本拆分可在无额外偏差下实现有效推断。

摘要:

本文研究了Farrell、Liang和Misra(2021a)提出的灵活估计方法在离散选择模型场景下的有限样本表现,该方法提出将深度学习用于经济模型中的异质性参数估计。该方法将经济模型施加的结构与深度学习的灵活性相结合,一方面保证了结果的可解释性,另一方面允许估计观测异质性的灵活函数形式。为实现深度学习估计后的统计推断,Farrell等人(2021a)推导了一种可应用于众多目标量的影响函数。我们开展了一系列蒙特卡洛实验,探究正则化对离散选择模型场景下所提估计与推断流程的影响。结果表明,深度学习方法通常能得到真实平均参数的精确估计,而常规稳健标准误则会导致无效的推断结果,这说明采用影响函数法进行推断是必要的。在无正则化的情况下,影响函数法可能因极端异常值产生显著偏差和较大的估计标准误。正则化可改善这一特性并稳定估计流程,但代价是会引入额外偏差。在我们的实验中,这种偏差与正则化增强带来的方差下降相结合,会导致构建出无效的推断结论。与正则化不同,重复样本拆分在不引入额外偏差的情况下稳定了估计方法,从而能够构建有效的推断结论。

英文摘要:

This paper studies the finite sample performance of the flexible estimation approach of Farrell, Liang, and Misra (2021a), who propose to use deep learning for the estimation of heterogeneous parameters in economic models, in the context of discrete choice models. The approach combines the structure imposed by economic models with the flexibility of deep learning, which assures the interpretebility of results on the one hand, and allows estimating flexible functional forms of observed heterogeneity on the other hand. For inference after the estimation with deep learning, Farrell et al. (2021a) derive an influence function that can be applied to many quantities of interest. We conduct a series of Monte Carlo experiments that investigate the impact of regularization on the proposed estimation and inference procedure in the context of discrete choice models. The results show that the deep learning approach generally leads to precise estimates of the true average parameters and that regular robust standard errors lead to invalid inference results, showing the need for the influence function approach for inference. Without regularization, the influence function approach can lead to substantial bias and large estimated standard errors caused by extreme outliers. Regularization reduces this property and stabilizes the estimation procedure, but at the expense of inducing an additional bias. The bias in combination with decreasing variance associated with increasing regularization leads to the construction of invalid inferential statements in our experiments. Repeated sample splitting, unlike regularization, stabilizes the estimation approach without introducing an additional bias, thereby allowing for the construction of valid inferential statements.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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