莱斯衰落下可移动与可旋转天线阵列的频谱效率研究
On the Spectral Efficiency of Movable and Rotary Antenna Arrays under Rician Fading
AI总结：
针对现有可移动天线阵列系统笨重昂贵的问题，提出可旋转天线阵列方案，结合粒子群优化调整阵列姿态/位置，在莱斯衰落场景下实现了显著性能增益，且受限场景下优于可移动阵列。
摘要：
大多数评估多用户多输入多输出（MU-MIMO）系统性能的研究均采用配备固定天线的接入点（AP），即天线不具备任何移动能力。近年来，搭载可移动天线阵列的接入点这一构想在研究界受到广泛关注。已有诸多研究评估了可在水平面内移动的可移动天线阵列（Movable Antenna Arrays, MAAs）的通信性能，但这类阵列需要一套极为笨重、复杂且昂贵的移动系统。本文提出了一种更简单、成本更低的替代方案：使用可旋转天线阵列（Rotary Antenna Arrays, RAAs），即能够旋转的天线阵列。同时，本文还分析了阵列兼具移动与旋转能力的系统性能。阵列的移动和/或旋转参数基于活跃设备的位置估计，通过粒子群优化算法计算得出，目标是最大化每用户平均可达频谱效率。本文采用空间相关莱斯衰落信道模型，从每用户平均可达频谱效率的角度，评估了不同配置下经优化后的系统性能。数值结果表明，当信道向量的视距分量较强时，阵列的最优旋转和最优移动均能带来显著的性能提升。此外，在移动区域受限的情况下，结构更简单的RAAs性能可优于MAAs。
英文摘要：
Most works evaluating the performance of Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) systems consider Access Points (APs) with fixed antennas, that is, without any movement capability. Recently, the idea of APs with antenna arrays that are able to move have gained traction among the research community. Many works evaluate the communications performance of Movable Antenna Arrays (MAAs) that can move on the horizontal plane. However, they require a very bulky, complex and expensive movement system. In this work, we propose a simpler and cheaper alternative: the utilization of Rotary Antenna Arrays (RAA)s, i.e. antenna arrays that can rotate. We also analyze the performance of a system in which the array is able to both move and rotate. The movements and/or rotations of the array are computed in order to maximize the mean per-user achievable spectral efficiency, based on estimates of the locations of the active devices and using particle swarm optimization. We adopt a spatially correlated Rician fading channel model, and evaluate the resulting optimized performance of the different setups in terms of mean per-user achievable spectral efficiencies. Our numerical results show that both the optimal rotations and movements of the arrays can provide substantial performance gains when the line-of-sight components of the channel vectors are strong. Moreover, the simpler RAAs can outperform the MAAs when their movement area is constrained.
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