揭示宇宙化学：利用JWST/NIRSpec在4 < z < 10红移区间重新审视质量-金属丰度关系
Unveiling the Cosmic Chemistry: Revisiting the Mass-Metallicity Relation with JWST/NIRSpec at 4 < z < 10
AI总结：
本研究利用JWST/NIRSpec观测的81个高红移恒星形成星系，结合公开样本构建263个星系的合并数据集，探究4<z<10区间的质量-金属丰度关系，发现z>8时FMR出现显著偏移，提出经验MZ-z关系并指出现有模拟的局限与未来研究方向。
摘要：
我们利用詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜（JWST）近红外光谱仪（NIRSpec）观测的81个恒星形成星系，给出了红移4到10区间的恒星形成率（SFR）、质量-金属丰度关系（MZR）以及依赖SFR的MZR，观测采用了低分辨率PRISM模式和中分辨率光栅模式，样本涵盖JADES GOODS-N和GOODS-S天区的星系、JWST-PRIMAL遗产巡天的星系，以及来自文献的Abell 2744、SMACS-0723、RXJ2129、BDF、COSMOS和MACS1149天区的额外星系。这些星系的恒星质量范围跨越3个数量级，为$10^7 < M_{\text{星}}/M_{\text{太阳}} < 10^{10}$，平均恒星形成率为$7.2 \pm 1.2 M_{\text{太阳}} \text{年}^{-1}$，平均金属丰度为$12+\text{log(O/H)} = 7.91 \pm 0.08$。我们的结果与此前红移最高至z=8的MZR观测结果一致，表明在该红移范围内，星系的金属丰度关系与局域宇宙的基本金属丰度关系（FMR）没有偏差。在z>8的区间，我们观测到FMR存在约0.27 dex的显著偏移，这与近期JWST的观测发现相符。我们还将CEERS（135个星系）和JADES（47个星系）样本与我们的数据整合，通过263个星系的合并样本研究金属丰度随红移的演化，发现金属丰度呈下降趋势，斜率为$0.067 \pm 0.013$，该结果与IllustrisTNG和EAGLE模拟一致，但与FIRE模拟存在矛盾。我们提出了一个经验性的质量-金属丰度-红移关系（MZ-z关系）：$12+\text{log(O/H)}=6.29 + 0.237 \times\text{log}(M_{\text{星}}/M_{\text{太阳}}) - 0.06 \times (1+z)$，该关系可以准确复现观测到的金属丰度随红移和恒星质量的变化趋势。这一趋势凸显了理解高红移星系金属丰度趋势驱动因素（如气体流入、流出以及活动星系核/恒星反馈）所面临的“重大挑战”，也强调了需要通过更大样本和更完善的模拟开展进一步研究。
英文摘要：
We present star formation rates (SFR), the mass-metallicity relation (MZR), and the SFR-dependent MZR across redshifts 4 to 10 using 81 star-forming galaxies observed by the JWST NIRSpec employing both low-resolution PRISM and medium-resolution gratings, including galaxies from the JADES GOODS-N and GOODS-S fields, the JWST-PRIMAL Legacy Survey, and additional galaxies from the literature in Abell 2744, SMACS-0723, RXJ2129, BDF, COSMOS, and MACS1149 fields. These galaxies span a 3 dex stellar mass range of $10^7 < M_{\ast}/M_{\odot} < 10^{10}$, with an average SFR of $7.2 \pm 1.2 M_{\odot} {\rm yr}^{-1}$ and an average metallicity of $12+{\rm log(O/H)} = 7.91 \pm 0.08$. Our findings align with previous observations up to $z=8$ for the MZR and indicate no deviation from local universe FMR up to this redshift. Beyond $z=8$, we observe a significant deviation $\sim 0.27$ dex) in FMR, consistent with recent JWST findings. We also integrate CEERS (135 galaxies) and JADES (47 galaxies) samples with our data to study metallicity evolution with redshift in a combined sample of 263 galaxies, revealing a decreasing metallicity trend with a slope of $0.067 \pm 0.013$, consistent with IllustrisTNG and EAGLE, but contradicts with FIRE simulations. We introduce an empirical mass-metallicity-redshift (MZ-$z$ relation): $12+{\rm log(O/H)}=6.29 + 0.237 \times{\rm log}(M_{\ast}/M_{\odot}) - 0.06 \times (1+z)$, which accurately reproduces the observed trends in metallicity with both redshift and stellar mass. This trend underscores the ``Grand Challenge'' in understanding the factors driving high-redshift galactic metallicity trends, such as inflow, outflow, and AGN/stellar feedback -- and emphasizes the need for further investigations with larger samples and enhanced simulations.
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