认证安全：前沿人工智能审批监管的方案设计
Certified Safe: A Schematic for Approval Regulation of Frontier AI
AI总结：
本文针对前沿AI提出以训练前审查和部署前审批两个关口为核心的审批监管方案，分析五大实施挑战并给出提高可行性的关键建议。
摘要：
近期持续不断的能力进步伴随着要求对前沿人工智能（AI）进行全面而非零散监管的呼声。审批监管正在成为一个有前景的候选方案。审批监管方案是指，企业在未获得监管机构基于对该产品所进行的证明其安全性的实验而给予明确批准的情况下，不得合法销售该产品，在某些情况下甚至不得开发该产品。这一方法已被美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）和美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）成功采用。此外，将其应用于前沿AI已得到许多重要利益相关者的公开支持。本报告提出一个仅针对最大型AI项目的审批监管方案，在该方案中，审查从训练开始之前启动，并持续到部署后的监测。该方案的核心是两个主要的审批关口，第一个关口要求对大规模训练进行审批，第二个关口要求对部署进行审批。五个主要挑战使实施变得困难：通过未经批准的部署造成的不合规、部署就绪要求的明确化、可靠的模型实验、在流程之前筛选出安全模型，以及最小化监管开销。本报告提出若干关键建议以提高审批监管的可行性，其中一些建议若要使这一制度在不久的将来取得成功，就必须紧急落实。由本报告分析产生的进一步建议，可能会提高任何前沿AI监管制度的有效性。
英文摘要：
Recent and unremitting capability advances have been accompanied by calls for comprehensive, rather than patchwork, regulation of frontier artificial intelligence (AI). Approval regulation is emerging as a promising candidate. An approval regulation scheme is one in which a firm cannot legally market, or in some cases develop, a product without explicit approval from a regulator on the basis of experiments performed upon the product that demonstrate its safety. This approach is used successfully by the FDA and FAA. Further, its application to frontier AI has been publicly supported by many prominent stakeholders. This report proposes an approval regulation schematic for only the largest AI projects in which scrutiny begins before training and continues through to post-deployment monitoring. The centerpieces of the schematic are two major approval gates, the first requiring approval for large-scale training and the second for deployment. Five main challenges make implementation difficult: noncompliance through unsanctioned deployment, specification of deployment readiness requirements, reliable model experimentation, filtering out safe models before the process, and minimizing regulatory overhead. This report makes a number of crucial recommendations to increase the feasibility of approval regulation, some of which must be followed urgently if such a regime is to succeed in the near future. Further recommendations, produced by this report's analysis, may improve the effectiveness of any regulatory regime for frontier AI.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
