基于量子退火的低轨卫星高效联盟形成算法
Quantum Annealing-Based Algorithm for Efficient Coalition Formation Among LEO Satellites
AI总结：
本文将低轨卫星聚类表述为联盟结构生成问题，提出混合量子-经典算法GCS-Q，利用QUBO迭代分割图以求解最优划分，实验表明量子退火在保持解质量的同时显著缩短了运行时间。
摘要：
受制造和发射成本降低的推动，低地球轨道（LEO）卫星数量不断增加，这对于地球观测任务和低延迟互联网连接具有极其重要的价值。然而，随着卫星数量的增加，需要维护的通信链路数量也随之上升，使得管理这一庞大网络变得日益具有挑战性，并凸显了将卫星聚类为高效组群作为一种有前景的解决方案的必要性。本文将LEO卫星的聚类表述为联盟结构生成（CSG）问题，并利用量子退火来解决它。我们将卫星网络表示为图，并使用一种名为GCS-Q的混合量子-经典算法来获得最优划分。该算法遵循自顶向下的方法，通过在每一步使用二次无约束二值优化（QUBO）公式迭代地分割图。为了评估我们的方法，我们利用了来自Celestrak的Starlink卫星的真实世界三行元素集（TLE/3LE）数据。我们使用D-Wave Advantage退火器和最先进的求解器Gurobi进行的实验表明，量子退火器在运行时间方面显著优于经典方法，同时保持了求解质量。使用量子退火器实现的性能超越了经典计算机的能力，凸显了量子计算在优化大规模卫星网络管理方面的变革潜力。
英文摘要：
The increasing number of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, driven by lower manufacturing and launch costs, is proving invaluable for Earth observation missions and low-latency internet connectivity. However, as the number of satellites increases, the number of communication links to maintain also rises, making the management of this vast network increasingly challenging and highlighting the need for clustering satellites into efficient groups as a promising solution. This paper formulates the clustering of LEO satellites as a coalition structure generation (CSG) problem and leverages quantum annealing to solve it. We represent the satellite network as a graph and obtain the optimal partitions using a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm called GCS-Q. The algorithm follows a top-down approach by iteratively splitting the graph at each step using a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) formulation. To evaluate our approach, we utilize real-world three-line element set (TLE/3LE) data for Starlink satellites from Celestrak. Our experiments, conducted using the D-Wave Advantage annealer and the state-of-the-art solver Gurobi, demonstrate that the quantum annealer significantly outperforms classical methods in terms of runtime while maintaining the solution quality. The performance achieved with quantum annealers surpasses the capabilities of classical computers, highlighting the transformative potential of quantum computing in optimizing the management of large-scale satellite networks.
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