反向传播激光脉冲中的 Schwinger 成对产生：识别体积因子
Schwinger pair production in counterpropagating laser pulses: Identifying volume factors
AI总结：
本文研究有限空间范围反向传播激光脉冲中的 Schwinger 真空成对产生，利用 LCFA 建立低维近似与四维粒子产额间的体积因子关系，实现快速且误差约10%的粒子对数量估计。
摘要：
我们研究了在两个有限空间范围、反向传播且线偏振的激光脉冲组合中，真空成对产生的非微扰过程。借助局域恒定场近似（LCFA），我们计算了相应四维设置中的总粒子产额，并将其与简化低维情形所得估计进行比较。在 LCFA 具有充分依据的适用域内，我们考察了两个平面波脉冲的组合、驻电磁波以及空间均匀振荡场，并证明在这三个近似层级的每一层中，都可以通过将结果乘以依据场参数适当选取的体积因子，来准确预测实际粒子数。我们给出了这些因子的闭式表达式，为评估粒子产额提供了通用方案。我们将空间均匀设置与四维情形联系起来的最终公式具有约 10% 水平的相对不确定度。本研究推导的显式对应关系不仅证明了这些近似预测的相关性，还使人们能够快速估计各种现实情形下的粒子对数量，而无需执行多维 LCFA 积分。
英文摘要：
We investigate the nonperturbative process of vacuum pair production in a combination of two counterpropagating linearly polarized laser pulses of a finite spatial extent. By means of the locally-constant field approximation (LCFA), we calculate the total particle yield for the corresponding four-dimensional setup and compare it with the estimates obtained for simplified low-dimensional scenarios. Within the domain where the LCFA is well justified, we examine a combination of two plane-wave pulses, a standing electromagnetic wave, and a spatially uniform oscillating field and demonstrate that at each of these three levels of approximation, one can accurately predict the actual particle number by multiplying the results by properly chosen volume factors depending on the field parameters. We present closed-form expressions for these factors providing universal prescriptions for evaluating the particle yield. Our final formula connecting the spatially uniform setup with the four-dimensional scenario has a relative uncertainty of the level of $10\%$. The explicit correspondences deduced in this study not only prove the relevance of the approximate predictions, but also allow one to quickly estimate the number of pairs for various realistic scenarios without performing multidimensional LCFA integrations.
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