COOL-LAMPS VIII：已知的大间距透镜化类星体及其宿主星系揭示自 z~3 以来 M_BH/M_* 缺乏演化
COOL-LAMPS VIII: Known wide-separation lensed quasars and their host galaxies reveal a lack of evolution in $M_{\rm{BH}}/M_\star$ since $z\sim 3$
AI总结：
本文利用六个大间距透镜化类星体系统研究类星体宿主星系，发现自 z~3 以来 M_BH–M_* 关系缺乏演化，并证明 WSLQs 是研究 AGN 与宿主共同演化的理想探针。
摘要：
大间距透镜化类星体（WSLQs）是一类罕见的强透镜化类星体，被前景大质量星系团放大，通常其多个类星体像具有较大的放大率。它们是详细研究类星体宿主星系的一个相对未被探索的机会。目前已知的小样本 WSLQs 的中位红移为 z≈2.1，高于迄今研究的大多数其他类星体宿主星系样本。在这里，我们通过对六个 WSLQ 系统中的宿主星系进行参数化表面亮度拟合、类星体发射线测量以及恒星族合成，推导出对六个 WSLQs 及其宿主星系性质的精确约束。我们的结果虽然具有显著的不确定性，但表明这六个宿主星系是恒星形成星系和宁静星系的混合体。为了探究活动星系核（AGNs）与宿主星系之间的共同演化，我们将相对于“本地”（z=0）M_BH–M_* 关系的偏移量建模为红移的简单幂律。在考虑选择效应后，基于 WSLQ 的 M_BH–M_* 关系演化模型的幂律指数为 γ_M=-0.42±0.31，与无演化一致。与若干文献样本相比（这些样本大多探测 z<2 的未透镜化类星体），WSLQ 样本显示出相对于本地关系更小的演化，显著性约为 4σ。我们发现选择效应和 M_BH 校准的选择是这些比较中最重要的系统误差。鉴于我们在某些情况下甚至能从地面自信地分解出宿主星系流量，我们的工作表明 WSLQs 和高放大率 AGNs 是未来 AGN–宿主共同演化研究的特殊系统。
英文摘要：
Wide-separation lensed quasars (WSLQs) are a rare class of strongly lensed quasars, magnified by foreground massive galaxy clusters, with typically large magnifications of the multiple quasar images. They are a relatively unexplored opportunity for detailed study of quasar host galaxies. The current small sample of known WSLQs has a median redshift of $z\approx 2.1$, larger than most other samples of quasar host galaxies studied to date. Here, we derive precise constraints on the properties of six WSLQs and their host galaxies, using parametric surface brightness fitting, measurements of quasar emission lines, and stellar population synthesis of host galaxies in six WSLQ systems. Our results, with significant uncertainty, indicate that these six hosts are a mixture of star-forming and quiescent galaxies. To probe for co-evolution between AGNs and host galaxies, we model the offset from the `local' ($z=0$) $M_{\rm{BH}}\unicode{x2013}M_\star$ relation as a simple power-law in redshift. Accounting for selection effects, a WSLQ-based model for evolution in the $M_{\rm{BH}}\unicode{x2013}M_\star$ relation has a power-law index of $γ_M=-0.42\pm0.31$, consistent with no evolution. Compared to several literature samples, which mostly probe unlensed quasars at $z<2$, the WSLQ sample shows less evolution from the local relation, at $\sim 4σ$. We find that selection affects and choices of $M_{\rm{BH}}$ calibration are the most important systematics in these comparisons. Given that we resolve host galaxy flux confidently even from the ground in some instances, our work demonstrates that WSLQs and highly magnified AGNs are exceptional systems for future AGN$\unicode{x2013}$host co-evolution studies.
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