This study investigates the jamming attack on the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based physical channels in 5G new radio (NR) technology from the aspect of signal processing. Disrupting the orthogonality property between subcarriers (SCs) is considered as one of the jammers targets in OFDM based generations. Focusing on the orthogonality property, we propose a method to detect the attacked subcarriers, and then neutralize the jamming attack using a multiplicative signal. Thanks to studying the frequency aspect of the attacked signal, the proposed method is independent of the jammers transmitted power. Simulation results evaluate the detection performance of the proposed method with various numbers of OFDM subcarriers.
Optical networks are prone to physical layer attacks, in particular the insertion of high jamming power. In this paper, we present a study of jamming attacks in elastic optical networks (EON) by embedding the jamming into the physical layer model, and we analyze its impact on the blocking probability and slots utilization. We evaluate our proposed model using a single link and a network topology and we show that for in-band-jamming, the slots utilization decreases with the increase of jamming power, and becomes null when the jamming power is higher than 3 dB, while for out-of-band jamming, the…
The common jamming mode in wireless communication is band barrage jamming, which is controllable and difficult to resist. Although this method is simple to implement, it is obviously not the best jamming waveform. Therefore, based on the idea of adversarial examples, we propose the adversarial jamming waveform, which can independently optimize and find the best jamming waveform. We attack QAM with adversarial jamming and find that the optimal jamming waveform is equivalent to the amplitude and phase between the nearest constellation points. Furthermore, by verifying the jamming performance on …
Cognitive radio is an intelligent and adaptive radio that improves the utilization of the spectrum by its opportunistic sharing. However, it is inherently vulnerable to primary user emulation and jamming attacks that degrade the spectrum utilization. In this paper, an algorithm for the detection of primary user emulation and jamming attacks in cognitive radio is proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on the sparse coding of the compressed received signal over a channel-dependent dictionary. More specifically, the convergence patterns in sparse coding according to such a dictionary are used …
Aerial IRS Deployment-Aided Secure Computation Offloading Against DISCO Jamming Attacks
China University of Mining and Technology（中国矿业大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学伊拉·A·富尔顿工程学院）；School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University（苏州大学电子与信息工程学院）；Peking University（北京大学）；University of Houston（休斯顿大学）；Kyung Hee University（庆熙大学）
本文提出利用空天地一体化 IRS 实现抗 DISCO 干扰的安全计算卸载，通过联合优化卸载比、IRS 阶段移和部署，采用双时间尺度框架应对不同策略的更新频率差异，采用双智能体深度强化学习方案提升安全卸载性能。
École de technologie supérieure（高等技术学院）；Virginia Tech（弗吉尼亚理工学院暨州立大学）
Conventional anti-jamming methods mainly focus on preventing single jammer attacks with an invariant jamming policy or jamming attacks from multiple jammers with similar jamming policies. These anti-jamming methods are ineffective against a single jammer following several different jamming policies or multiple jammers with distinct policies. Therefore, this paper proposes an anti-jamming method that can adapt its policy to the current jamming attack. Moreover, for the multiple jammers scenario, an anti-jamming method that estimates the future occupied channels using the jammers' occupied chann…
This paper examines the effect of Band Jamming (BJ) and Tone Jamming (TJ) on LoRa signals in a flat Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. In this scenario, LoRa proves to have good resiliency against these jamming attacks. Furthermore, a simple and lightweight BJ and TJ jammer detection scheme is derived. Theoretical and simulation results show good detection capability, especially with Single Tone Jamming (STJ).
As the applications of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in wireless communications grow, sensitivity of DRL based wireless communication strategies against adversarial attacks has started to draw increasing attention. In order to address such sensitivity and alleviate the resulting security concerns, we in this paper consider a victim user that performs DRL-based dynamic channel access, and an attacker that executes DRLbased jamming attacks to disrupt the victim. Hence, both the victim and attacker are DRL agents and can interact with each other, retrain their models, and adapt to opponents' …
In millimeter-wave (MMW) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, users and their corresponding base station (BS) have to align their beam during both initial access and data transmissions to compensate for the high propagation loss. The beam alignment (BA) procedure specified for 5th Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) has been designed to be fast and precise in the presence of non-malicious interference and noise. A smart jammer might exploit this weakness and may launch an attack during the BA phase in order to degrade the accuracy of beam selection and, thus, adversely impacting th…
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is expected to be a prominent component of the sixth generation (6G) to accomplish intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Autonomous vehicles relying only on onboard sensors cannot bypass the limitations of safety and reliability. Thus, integrated sensing and communication is proposed as an effective way to achieve high situational- and self-awareness levels, enabling V2X to perceive the physical world and adjust its behaviour to emergencies. Secure navigation through the Global Positioning System (GPS) is essential in ITS for safe operation. Nevert…
Jamming attacks target a wireless network creating an unwanted denial of service. 5G is vulnerable to these attacks despite its resilience prompted by the use of millimeter wave bands. Over the last decade, several types of jamming detection techniques have been proposed, including fuzzy logic, game theory, channel surfing, and time series. Most of these techniques are inefficient in detecting smart jammers. Thus, there is a great need for efficient and fast jamming detection techniques with high accuracy. In this paper, we compare the efficiency of several machine learning models in detecting…
The fifth generation of wireless cellular networks (5G) is expected to be the infrastructure for emergency services, natural disasters rescue, public safety, and military communications. 5G, as any previous wireless cellular network, is vulnerable to jamming attacks, which create deliberate interference to hinder the communication of legitimate users. Therefore, jamming 5G networks can be a real threat to public safety. Thus, there is a strong need to investigate to what extent these networks are vulnerable to jamming attacks. For this investigation, we consider the 3GPP standard released in 2…
This paper proposes to use Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) as a green jammer to attack a legitimate communication without using any internal energy to generate jamming signals. In particular, the IRS is used to intelligently reflect the signals from the legitimate transmitter to the legitimate receiver (LR) to guarantee that the received signals from direct and reflecting links can be added destructively, which thus diminishes the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) at the LR. To minimize the received signal power at the LR, we consider the joint optimization of magnitudes of r…
GNSS receivers are vulnerable to jamming and spoofing attacks, and numerous such incidents have been reported worldwide in the last decade. It is important to detect attacks fast and localize attackers, which can be hard if not impossible without dedicated sensing infrastructure. The notion of participatory sensing, or crowdsensing, is that a large ensemble of voluntary contributors provides the measurements, rather than relying on dedicated sensing infrastructure. This work considers embedded GNSS receivers to provide measurements for participatory jamming detection and localization. Specific…
The use of energy harvesting as a counter-jamming measure is investigated on the premise that part of the harmful interference can be harvested to increase the transmit power. We formulate the strategic interaction between a pair of legitimate nodes and a malicious jammer as a zero-sum game. Our analysis demonstrates that the legitimate nodes are able to neutralize the jammer. However, this policy is not necessarily a Nash equilibrium and hence is sub-optimal. Instead, harvesting the jamming interference can lead to relative gains of up to 95%, on average, in terms of Shannon capacity, when th…
In this paper, we introduce DeepFake, a novel deep reinforcement learning-based deception strategy to deal with reactive jamming attacks. In particular, for a smart and reactive jamming attack, the jammer is able to sense the channel and attack the channel if it detects communications from the legitimate transmitter. To deal with such attacks, we propose an intelligent deception strategy which allows the legitimate transmitter to transmit "fake" signals to attract the jammer. Then, if the jammer attacks the channel, the transmitter can leverage the strong jamming signals to transmit data by us…
Securing wireless communication, being inherently vulnerable to eavesdropping and jamming attacks, becomes more challenging in resource-constrained networks like Internet-of-Things. Towards this, physical layer security (PLS) has gained significant attention due to its low complexity. In this paper, we address the issue of random inter-node distances in secrecy analysis and develop a comprehensive quality-of-service (QoS) aware PLS framework for the analysis of both eavesdropping and jamming capabilities of attacker. The proposed solution covers spatially stochastic deployment of legitimate no…
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be integrated into wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for smart city applications in several ways. Among them, a UAV can be employed as a relay in a "store-carry and forward" fashion by uploading data from ground sensors and metering devices and, then, downloading it to a central unit. However, both the uploading and downloading phases can be prone to potential threats and attacks. As a legacy from traditional wireless networks, the jamming attack is still one of the major and serious threats to UAV-aided communications, especially when also the jammer is mobil…
Providing quality communications under adversarial electronic attacks, e.g., broadband jamming attacks, is a challenging task. Unlike state-of-the-art approaches which treat jamming signals as destructive interference, this paper presents a novel active anti-jamming (AAJ) scheme for a jammed channel to enhance the communication quality between a transmitter node (TN) and receiver node (RN), where the TN actively exploits the jamming signal as a carrier to send messages. Specifically, the TN is equipped with a programmable-gain amplifier, which is capable of re-modulating the jamming signals fo…
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems find immense potential and applicability in the long term evolution (LTE), 5G, Internet of Things (IoT), vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), and tactical communication systems. Jamming poses significant communication hindrance as well as security risks to the wireless communication systems. The achievable rate and reliability are the two most compromised aspects of a wireless link under such severe jamming. Owing to the high capacity and reliability of MIMO systems, they are increasingly used in tactical and critical applications. Therefore, it bec…
Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) aim at enhancing road safety and providing a comfortable driving environment by delivering early warning and infotainment messages to the drivers. Jamming attacks, however, pose a significant threat to their performance. In this paper, we propose a novel Relative Speed Estimation Algorithm (RSEA) of a moving interfering vehicle that approaches a Transmitter ($Tx$) - Receiver ($Rx$) pair, that interferes with their Radio Frequency (RF) communication by conducting a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. Our scheme is completely sensorless and passive and uses a pilot…
Istanbul Technical University（伊斯坦布尔理工大学）；Turkish Air Force Academy（土耳其空军学院）；National Defense University（国防大学）；Polytechnique Montreal（蒙特利尔综合理工学院）
Towards sixth-generation networks (6G), satellite communication systems, especially based on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) networks, become promising due to their unique and comprehensive capabilities. These advantages are accompanied by a variety of challenges such as security vulnerabilities, management of hybrid systems, and high mobility. In this paper, firstly, a security deficiency in the physical layer is addressed with a conceptual framework, considering the cyber-physical nature of the satellite systems, highlighting the potential attacks. Secondly, a learning-driven detection scheme is propo…
In this article, we introduce a novel deception strategy which is inspired by the "Borrowing Arrows with Thatched Boats", one of the most famous military tactics in the history, in order to defeat reactive jamming attacks for low-power IoT networks. Our proposed strategy allows resource-constrained IoT devices to be able to defeat powerful reactive jammers by leveraging their own jamming signals. More specifically, by stimulating the jammer to attack the channel through transmitting fake transmissions, the IoT system can not only undermine the jammer's power, but also harvest energy or utilize…
Smart jammer nodes can disrupt communication between a transmitter and a receiver in a wireless network, and they leave traces that are undetectable to classical jammer identification techniques, hidden in the time-frequency plane. These traces cannot be effectively identified through the use of the classical Fourier transform based time-frequency transformation (TFT) techniques with a fixed resolution. Inspired by the adaptive resolution property provided by the wavelet transforms, in this paper, we propose a jammer identification methodology that includes a pre-processing step to obtain a mu…
