背部支撑、肩部支撑和坐站两用被动式职业外骨骼的可用性：针对设计的启发式评估
Usability of back support, shoulder support and sit-stand passive occupational exoskeletons: A heuristic evaluation of the designs
AI总结：
研究通过七名评估者采用 Nielsen 与 Shneiderman 启发式原则，评估三款被动职业外骨骼在组装、穿戴、脱下和拆卸中的可用性，发现均无灾难性问题但存在适配、操作、文档和安全等重大缺陷。
摘要：
职业外骨骼有望减轻产业工人的肌肉骨骼损伤。然而，关于外骨骼设计在用户与设备交互点方面的可用性，以及利用设计原则进行评估和评级的设计特征、功能和部件中存在的问题，相关认识仍然有限。此外，外骨骼在组装、穿戴、脱下和拆卸时的可用性——这些任务可视为使用前和使用后任务——同样至关重要，尤其需要从设备设计角度进行评估。我们对三款主流外骨骼在组装、穿戴、脱下和拆卸过程中的可用性开展了启发式评估，分别为一款背部支撑设备、一款肩部支撑设备和一款坐站两用外骨骼。七名评估者使用 Nielsen 和 Shneiderman 可用性启发式原则对这些设备进行评估。结果表明，三款外骨骼均不存在灾难性可用性问题，但都存在重大可用性问题，包括难以适配多样化用户、组装、穿戴和脱下需要两人操作、文档质量差、设备组装过程中缺少顺序指示、穿戴和脱下设备时存在安全隐患，以及需要手动施力。此外，组装任务是最困难的任务，导致最多的可用性启发式原则违规。外骨骼人因研究群体应在评估中纳入多样化用户，并对这些设备开展可用性、可访问性和安全性评估，以向设备设计者提供设计反馈。
英文摘要：
Occupational exoskeletons promise to alleviate musculoskeletal injuries among industrial workers. Knowledge of the usability of the exoskeleton designs with respect to the user device interaction points, and the problems in design features, functions and parts, evaluated and rated using design principles is still limited. Further, the usability of exoskeletons when assembling, donning, doffing and disassembling them, tasks that can be considered pre and post use tasks are also critical to evaluate, especially from a device design standpoint. We conducted a heuristic evaluation of the usability of three popular exoskeletons, a back support device, a shoulder support device, and a sit stand exoskeleton when assembling, donning, doffing and disassembling them. Seven evaluators used Nielsen and Shneiderman usability heuristics to evaluate the devices. Results indicate that none of the three exoskeletons had any catastrophic usability problems, but all three had major usability problems including accommodating diverse users, the assembly, donning and doffing being a two person operation, poor documentation, a lack of sequence indicators during assembly of the devices, presence of safety hazards while donning and doffing the devices, and manual strength requirements. Further, the assembly task is the most difficult task resulting in the most violations of usability heuristics. The exoskeleton human factors research community should include diverse users in their evaluations and conduct usability, accessibility, and safety evaluations of these devices to provide design feedback to device designers.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
