高承载收费车道设计：一种博弈论分析
Designing High-Occupancy Toll Lanes: A Game-Theoretic Analysis
AI总结：
该研究用博弈论刻画异质出行者在 HOT 车道、合乘与普通车道间的选择，结合 I-880 数据估计需求与偏好，优化多路段通行能力和收费设计。
摘要：
本文研究高承载收费（High Occupancy Toll，HOT）车道的最优设计。交通管理部门决定 HOT 车道与普通车道之间的道路通行能力分配，以及对不符合高承载资格标准却使用 HOT 车道的出行者收取的通行费价格。我们建立了一个博弈论模型，以分析在时间价值和合乘负效用方面具有异质偏好参数的出行者决策。这些出行者可以选择付费或组成合乘车以使用 HOT 车道，也可以选择使用普通车道。出行者的福利取决于其所使用车道的拥堵成本、通行费支付以及合乘负效用。对于具有单一入口和出口节点的高速公路，我们给出了均衡策略的完整刻画，并对均衡车流量和出行时间如何随 HOT 通行能力和通行费价格变化进行了比较静态分析。随后，我们将单一路段模型扩展到具有多个入口和出口节点的高速公路。我们扩展了均衡概念，并在考虑交通拥堵、通行费收入和社会福利的基础上提出了多种设计目标。利用从加利福尼亚州 880 号州际公路（I-880）HOT 车道收集的数据，我们构建了一个凸规划来估计出行需求并近似出行者偏好参数的分布。然后，我们针对 I-880 的五个路段计算了为实现四个目标中每一个目标的最优收费设计，并将最优解与当前收费定价进行了比较。
英文摘要：
In this article, we study the optimal design of High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes. The traffic authority determines the road capacity allocation between HOT lanes and ordinary lanes, as well as the toll price charged for travelers using HOT lanes who do not meet the high-occupancy eligibility criteria. We develop a game-theoretic model to analyze the decisions of travelers with heterogeneous preference parameters in values of time and carpool disutilities. These travelers choose between paying or forming carpools to use the HOT lanes, or taking the ordinary lanes. Travelers' welfare depends on the congestion cost of the lane they use, the toll payment, and the carpool disutilities. For highways with a single entrance and exit node, we provide a complete characterization of equilibrium strategies and a comparative statics analysis of how the equilibrium vehicle flow and travel time change with HOT capacity and toll price. We then extend the single segment model to highways with multiple entrance and exit nodes. We extend the equilibrium concept and propose various design objectives considering traffic congestion, toll revenue, and social welfare. Using the data collected from the HOT lane of the California Interstate Highway 880 (I-880), we formulate a convex program to estimate the travel demand and approximate the distribution of travelers' preference parameters. We then compute the optimal toll design of five segments for I-880 for achieve each one of the four objectives, and compare the optimal solution with the current toll pricing.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
