本文提出一种仅依赖短时动态无偏轨迹片段、无需集体变量或偏置力的新算法,可在同一组模拟中同时获得跨膜二聚化的自由能曲线、速率和机制,并在 Martini 力场下验证了其有效性。
摘要:
蛋白质在膜中的组装在许多关键细胞通路中发挥着重要作用。尽管其重要性不言而喻,但表征跨膜组装过程对实验和模拟而言仍具有挑战性。平衡分子动力学模拟无法覆盖采样典型跨膜组装所需的时间尺度。因此,大多数研究依赖于增强采样方案,这些方案沿着一个应编码所有慢自由度的集体变量来引导跨膜蛋白的动力学。然而,鉴于凝聚相脂质环境的复杂性,这远非易事,其后果是二聚化的自由能曲线可能收敛不佳。在此,我们引入一种替代方法,该方法仅依赖于模拟短的、动态无偏的轨迹片段,避免使用集体变量或偏置力。通过合并所有轨迹,我们利用同一组模拟即可获得跨膜二聚化的自由能曲线、速率和机制。我们通过采样脂质双层中跨膜蛋白的自发结合与解离来展示我们的算法,使用的是广泛采用的粗粒度 Martini 力场。我们的算法为研究生物学相关膜中的组装过程提供了一种有前景的途径,克服了传统方法的一些挑战。
英文摘要:
The assembly of proteins in membranes plays a key role in many crucial cellular pathways. Despite their importance, characterizing transmembrane assembly remains challenging for experiments and simulations. Equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations do not cover the time scales required to sample the typical transmembrane assembly. Hence, most studies rely on enhanced sampling schemes that steer the dynamics of transmembrane proteins along a collective variable that should encode all slow degrees of freedom. However, given the complexity of the condensed-phase lipid environment, this is far from trivial, with the consequence that free energy profiles of dimerization can be poorly converged. Here, we introduce an alternative approach, which relies only on simulating short, dynamically unbiased trajectory segments, avoiding using collective variables or biasing forces. By merging all trajectories, we obtain free energy profiles, rates, and mechanisms of transmembrane dimerization with the same set of simulations. We showcase our algorithm by sampling the spontaneous association and dissociation of a transmembrane protein in a lipid bilayer, the popular coarse-grained Martini force field. Our algorithm represents a promising way to investigate assembly processes in biologically relevant membranes, overcoming some of the challenges of conventional methods.
Protein driven lipid domain nucleation in biological membranes
脂筏是细胞膜上的异质动态脂质结构域,参与多种生物过程,如蛋白质和脂质特异性转运和信号传导。我们对脂筏形成的理解仍然是有限的,这是由于这些结构域{ \it in vivo}的瞬时和难以捉摸的性质,与在人工膜中观察到的稳定的相分离结构域相反。受实验结果的启发,突出了跨膜蛋白的脂筏的相关性,我们研究了粗粒度的分子动力学和伊辛模型模拟脂质结构域成核。我们发现,跨膜蛋白的存在下,可以触发脂质结构域成核在一个平坦的膜,否则混合脂质相。此外,我们研究的脂质结构域中的蛋白质的扩散的作用表明,其流动性受到阻碍的存在下的筏。因此,我们的粗粒度分子动力学和伊辛模型模拟的结果一致地支持跨膜蛋白在脂质结构域的形成和稳定性中发挥的重要作用。