非均匀一维狄拉克费米子的模拟安鲁效应
Analog Unruh effect of inhomogeneous one-dimensional Dirac fermions
AI总结:
本研究构建了可模拟加速观测者的一维狄拉克费米子系统,验证了速度非均匀突变引发的模拟安鲁效应,明确了不同速度分布下的效应特征与粒子产生的局域特性,为实验室验证引力相关效应提供了理论依据。
摘要:
我们研究了存在空间变化狄拉克速度$v(x)$的一维狄拉克费米子系统,该系统可构建近似的实验室版Rindler哈密顿量,用于描述闵可夫斯基时空中的加速观测者。将空间均匀速度($v(x)$为常数)突然切换为空间变化速度($v(x)$非均匀)会引发粒子产生现象,即模拟安鲁效应。我们研究了模拟安鲁效应对速度分布具体形式的依赖关系,发现理想安鲁效应出现在$v(x) \propto |x|$的情形下;而对于更符合实际的速度分布(如$v(x)\propto \tanh \big(|x|/\lambda\big)$,其在$|x|$小于长度标度$\lambda$时呈线性,在$|x|\gg \lambda$时为常数),修正版安鲁效应依然存在。我们还证明相关的粒子产生过程局域在$|x|\ll \lambda$的区域。
英文摘要:
We study one-dimensional Dirac fermions in the presence of a spatially-varying Dirac velocity $v(x)$, that can form an approximate lab-based Rindler Hamiltonian describing an observer accelerating in Minkowski spacetime. A sudden switch from a spatially homogeneous velocity ($v(x)$ constant) to a spatially-verying velocity ($v(x)$ inhomogeneous) leads to the phenomenon of particle creation, i.e., an analog Unruh effect. We study the dependence of the analog Unruh effect on the precise form of the velocity profile, finding that while the ideal Unruh effect occurs for $v(x) \propto |x|$, a modified Unruh effect still occurs for more realistic velocity profiles that are linear for $|x|$ smaller than a length scale $λ$ and constant for $|x|\gg λ$ (such as $v(x)\propto \tanh \big(|x|/λ\big)$). We show that the associated particle creation is localized to $|x|\ll λ$.
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