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arXiv 2407.20697stat.MLcs.LG
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用于求解无前向模型的贝叶斯逆问题的弱神经变分推断:在弹性成像中的应用

Weak neural variational inference for solving Bayesian inverse problems without forward models: applications in elastography

Technical University of Munich(慕尼黑工业大学);Munich Data Science Institute(慕尼黑数据科学研究所)

Vincent C. Scholz, Yaohua Zang, Phaedon-Stelios Koutsourelakis

AI总结:

提出弱神经变分推断(WNVI)方法,通过加权残差作为探针在无前向模型下求解高维贝叶斯逆问题,将状态变量视为潜变量并用神经网络逼近逆映射,在弹性成像实验中展现出高准确度、高效率及处理不适定问题的能力。

摘要:

在本文中,我们提出了一种基于偏微分方程(PDEs)求解高维贝叶斯逆问题的新型数据驱动方法,称为弱神经变分推断(WNVI)。该方法通过从物理模型中导出的虚拟观测来补充真实测量数据。具体而言,采用加权残差作为控制PDE的探针,以便在既不构建也不求解前向模型的情况下构建并求解贝叶斯逆问题。该公式化将物理模型的状态变量视为潜变量,与常规未知量一起使用随机变分推断(SVI)进行推断。所采用的近似后验分布利用神经网络来逼近从状态变量到未知量的逆映射。我们在生物医学环境中展示了该方法,其中我们从含噪组织变形数据中推断空间变化的材料属性。我们证明,WNVI不仅与依赖重复求解(非)线性前向问题作为黑盒的传统方法一样准确且更高效,而且还能处理不适定前向问题(例如,边界条件不足的情况)。

英文摘要:

In this paper, we introduce a novel, data-driven approach for solving high-dimensional Bayesian inverse problems based on partial differential equations (PDEs), called Weak Neural Variational Inference (WNVI). The method complements real measurements with virtual observations derived from the physical model. In particular, weighted residuals are employed as probes to the governing PDE in order to formulate and solve a Bayesian inverse problem without ever formulating nor solving a forward model. The formulation treats the state variables of the physical model as latent variables, inferred using Stochastic Variational Inference (SVI), along with the usual unknowns. The approximate posterior employed uses neural networks to approximate the inverse mapping from state variables to the unknowns. We illustrate the proposed method in a biomedical setting where we infer spatially varying material properties from noisy tissue deformation data. We demonstrate that WNVI is not only as accurate and more efficient than traditional methods that rely on repeatedly solving the (non)linear forward problem as a black-box, but it can also handle ill-posed forward problems (e.g., with insufficient boundary conditions).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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