探索用于细粒度液体识别的量子传感
Exploring quantum sensing for fine-grained liquid recognition
AI总结：
本文将量子接收器引入无线传感系统以降低热噪声，提出双比值方法消除液体体积、距离和容器影响，实现超99.9%的17种液体识别准确率及99.0%的牛奶pH值监测准确率。
摘要：
近年来，普遍存在的无线信号（如Wi-Fi、RFID和mmWave）已被用于传感目的。由于其非侵入式的特性，无线传感在各种智能传感应用中扮演着重要角色。然而，受限于RF收发器固有的热噪声，现有无线传感系统的传感粒度仍然较粗，限制了它们在细粒度传感应用中的采用。在本文中，我们将量子接收器引入无线传感系统，该接收器不包含诸如混频器、放大器和模数转换器（ADC）等传统电子元件，从而显著减少了热噪声的来源。以非侵入式液体识别作为应用示例，我们展示了量子无线传感的卓越性能。通过利用量子接收器的独特性质，我们提出了一种新颖的双比值方法来解决液体识别中的几个已知挑战，消除了液体体积、设备与目标距离以及容器的影响。我们实现了量子传感原型并全面评估了液体识别性能。结果表明，我们的系统能够识别17种常见液体，包括非常相似的液体（如百事可乐和可口可乐），准确率高于99.9%。对于牛奶过期监测，我们的系统能够以0.1的粒度实现99.0%的pH值测量准确率，这比过期监测所需的粒度要细得多。
英文摘要：
Recent years have witnessed the use of pervasive wireless signals (e.g., Wi-Fi, RFID, and mmWave) for sensing purposes. Due to its non-intrusive characteristic, wireless sensing plays an important role in various intelligent sensing applications. However, limited by the inherent thermal noise of RF transceivers, the sensing granularity of existing wireless sensing systems are still coarse, limiting their adoption for fine-grained sensing applications. In this paper, we introduce the quantum receiver, which does not contain traditional electronic components such as mixers, amplifiers, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to wireless sensing systems, significantly reducing the source of thermal noise. By taking non-intrusive liquid recognition as an application example, we show the superior performance of quantum wireless sensing. By leveraging the unique property of quantum receiver, we propose a novel double-ratio method to address several well-known challenges in liquid recognition, eliminating the effect of liquid volume, device-target distance and container. We implement the quantum sensing prototype and evaluate the liquid recognition performance comprehensively. The results show that our system is able to recognize 17 commonly seen liquids, including very similar ones~(e.g., Pepsi and Coke) at an accuracy higher than 99.9\%. For milk expiration monitoring, our system is able to achieve an accuracy of 99.0\% for pH value measurements at a granularity of 0.1, which is much finer than that required for expiration monitoring.
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