类盖亚天体测量用于暗光子暗物质与低频引力波探测
Dark Photon Dark Matter and Low-Frequency Gravitational Wave Detection with Gaia-like Astrometry
AI总结：
本研究针对天体测量巡天在低频段探测能力下降的问题，提出线性背景扣除方案，相比传统二次扣除在低于6×10⁻⁹Hz频段更具优势，可将类盖亚实验对暗光子暗物质和低频引力波的排除限提升一个数量级以上。
摘要：
天体测量巡天通过观测恒星视位置的偏转，为我们提供了搜寻难以捕捉的宇宙信号（如超轻暗光子暗物质和引力波）的方法。这类巡天的探测能力在低频段迅速下降，因为信号与恒星的背景运动几乎无法区分。本研究发现，背景运动可通过时间线性模型很好地描述，基于此我们提出了线性背景扣除方案。与传统二次扣除相比，线性扣除的优势在低于6×10⁻⁹Hz的频率范围内显现。以纯引力相互作用的暗光子、额外U(1)_{B}或U(1)_{B-L}规范相互作用的暗光子，以及低频引力波为例，我们表明线性扣除方案可使类盖亚实验在低频段的排除限提升一个数量级以上。
英文摘要：
Astrometric surveys offer us a method to search for elusive cosmic signatures, such as ultralight dark photon dark matter and gravitational waves, by observing the deflection to the apparent positions of the stars. The detection capabilities of such surveys rapidly decrease at low frequencies, because the signals become hardly distinguishable from the background motion of stars. In this work, we find that the background motion can be well described by a linear model over time, based on which we propose a linear background subtraction scheme. Compared to the conventional quadratic subtraction, the advantage of linear subtraction emerges within the frequency range below $6 \times 10^{-9}~{\rm Hz}$. Taking dark photons with purely gravitational interactions, dark photons with additional $U(1)_{B}$ or $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge interactions, and low-frequency gravitational waves as examples, we illustrate that the linear subtraction scheme can result in an enhancement of more than one order of magnitude in the exclusion limits of Gaia-like experiments in the low-frequency range.
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