释放小卫星潜力：SpIRIT任务中TheMIS的主动冷却技术
Unlocking the Potential of Small Satellites: TheMIS's Active Cooling Technology on the SpIRIT Mission
AI总结：
本文介绍了SpIRIT 6U立方星上TheMIS主动热管理系统的设计、在轨调试与早期运行结果，验证了基于斯特林低温制冷机的小卫星载荷精密温控能力，并探讨了未来改进方向。
摘要：
热管理集成系统（TheMIS）是澳大利亚-意大利航天工业响应式智能热控（SpIRIT）任务的关键组成部分，该任务于2023年12月发射进入510公里极地太阳同步轨道。SpIRIT是一颗由墨尔本大学牵头、与意大利航天局（ASI）合作、并得到澳大利亚航天局（ASA）支持以及澳大利亚航天工业界和国际研究机构贡献的6U立方星。TheMIS子系统对敏感仪器进行主动冷却和温度控制，从而扩大了小型航天器系统可支持的有效载荷范围。TheMIS的核心功能基于一台商用斯特林循环低温制冷机，其原理上能够达到低于T=100K的冷端温度。该制冷机由定制控制电子设备驱动，并通过热解石墨片热导带连接到可展开辐射器，所有这些均由墨尔本大学开发。迄今为止，这种水平的热控制在纳米卫星中还相对少见。TheMIS旨在通过控制SpIRIT的HERMES有效载荷的热环境来验证其设计和性能。HERMES是由ASI提供的X射线仪器，其噪声背景对温度高度敏感。除SpIRIT之外，TheMIS还有潜力支持广泛的应用，包括将红外焦平面阵列保持在低温温度下，以及提高电子设备对空间天气的耐受能力。本文概述了TheMIS的设计、实现和在轨运行性能，详细介绍了其在轨运行的调试阶段和早期结果，并与任务环境测试活动中建立的热模型进行了比较。最后，本文讨论了小卫星系统中有效载荷热管理所面临的持续挑战，以及未来持续改进的潜在策略。
英文摘要：
The Thermal Management Integrated System (TheMIS) is a key element of the Australia-Italy Space Industry Responsive Intelligent Thermal (SpIRIT) mission, launched in a 510km Polar Sun-Synchronous orbit in December 2023. SpIRIT is a 6U CubeSat led by The University of Melbourne in cooperation with ASI, with support from ASA and with contributions from Australian space industry and international research organizations. The TheMIS subsystem actively cools and controls the temperature of sensitive instruments, increasing the potential range of payloads supported on small spacecraft systems. TheMIS core functionality is based on a commercial Stirling Cycle Cryocooler in-principle capable of reaching cold-tip temperatures below T=100K. The cooler is operated by customized control electronics and is connected to deployable radiators through pyrolytic graphite sheet thermal straps, all developed by the University of Melbourne. Until now, this level of thermal control has been relatively uncommon in nanosatellites. TheMIS aims to validate the design and performance by controlling the thermal environment of SpIRIT's HERMES payload, an X-ray instrument provided by ASI which has a noise background strongly sensitive to temperature. Beyond SpIRIT, TheMIS has the potential to support a broad range of applications, including holding infrared focal plane arrays at cryogenic temperatures, and increasing resilience of electronics to space weather. This paper provides an overview of TheMIS's design, implementation, and operational performance, detailing the commissioning phase and the early results obtained from its operations in orbit, with comparison to the thermal model developed during the mission environmental testing campaign. Finally, the paper discusses ongoing challenges for thermal management of payloads in small satellite systems and potential future strategies for continuous improvement
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