中子星中的 Josephson 电流
Josephson currents in neutron stars
AI总结：
本文揭示了中子星中 $S$ 波与 $P$ 波配对超流体界面诱发的 Josephson 电流及振荡辐射效应，其功率远超欧姆耗散，足以显著加热中子星并改变其光子冷却时代的冷却速率。
摘要：
我们证明了中子星中 $S$ 波和 $P$ 波配对超流体之间的界面会诱发中子超流，这是电子超导体中 Josephson 结效应的电中性类似物。除了中性超流外，中子超流体对质子超流的拖曳还在该界面处产生了带电电流。除了这种稳态效应外，中子涡旋线在响应中子星自转速率长期变化而运动时，若质子磁通管随其一同拖曳，便会在该界面处诱发随时间变化的振荡 Josephson 电流。我们表明，一旦质子磁通管簇与界面相交，这种运动就会从界面产生辐射。该辐射功率比中子星内电流的欧姆耗散高出数个数量级。在光子冷却时代，这一效应在现象学上似乎足以显著加热中子星并改变其冷却速率。
英文摘要：
We demonstrate that the interface between $S$-wave and $P$-wave paired superfluids in neutron stars induces a neutron supercurrent, a charge-neutral analog of the Josephson junction effect in electronic superconductors. The proton supercurrent entrainment by the neutron superfluid generates, in addition to the neutral supercurrent, a charged current across the interface. Beyond this stationary effect, the motion of the neutron vortex lines responding to secular changes in the neutron star's rotation rate induces a time-dependent oscillating Josephson current across this interface when proton flux tubes are dragged along with them. We show that such motion produces radiation from the interface once clusters of proton flux tubes intersect the interface. The power of radiation exceeds by orders of magnitude the Ohmic dissipation of currents in neutron stars. This effect appears to be phenomenologically significant enough to heat the star and alter its cooling rate during the photon cooling era.
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