双曲均匀圆盘图中的结构与独立性
Structure and Independence in Hyperbolic Uniform Disk Graphs
AI总结:
本文研究双曲平面中圆盘相交图的结构与独立集问题,发现较大半径使图类更简单,给出平衡分隔与树宽界限,并设计出参数化算法及在低深度下的PTAS。
摘要:
我们考虑双曲平面中半径为 $r$ 的圆盘的相交图。与欧几里得设置不同,这些图类对于不同的 $r$ 值是不同的,其中非常小的 $r$ 对应于近似欧几里得设置,而 $r \in \Omega(\log n)$ 对应于强双曲设置。我们观察到较大的 $r$ 值会产生更简单的图类,至少在分隔符和 \textsc{独立集} 问题的计算复杂性方面是如此。首先,我们证明了双曲平面中半径为 $r$ 的圆盘的相交图可以用 $\mathcal{O}((1+1/r)\log n)$ 个团以平衡的方式进行分隔。我们的第二个结构洞见涉及双曲平面中的 Delaunay 复形,并且可能具有独立的意义。我们证明,对于双曲平面中任意具有成对距离至少 $2r$ 的 $n$ 个点的集合 $S$,相应的 Delaunay 复形具有外平面性 $1+\mathcal{O}(\frac{\log n}{r})$,这暗示了此类 Delaunay 复形的平衡分隔符和树宽有类似的界限。利用这个外平面性(和树宽)界限,我们证明了 \textsc{独立集} 可以在 $n^{\mathcal{O}(1+\frac{\log n}{r})}$ 时间内求解。该算法基于对某个基于解的未知球面切割分解的动态规划。所得算法是 Kisfaludi-Bak (SODA 2020) 结果的一个深远推广,并且在指数时间假设下是紧的。特别是,在 $r\in \Omega(\log n)$ 的强双曲设置中,\textsc{独立集} 可以在多项式时间内求解。最后,在圆盘具有至多 $\ell$ 的 ply(深度)的情况下,我们给出了 \textsc{最大独立集} 的一个 PTAS,它仅对 $1/\varepsilon$ 和 $\ell$ 具有拟多项式依赖。我们的 PTAS 是我们精确算法的进一步推广。
英文摘要:
We consider intersection graphs of disks of radius $r$ in the hyperbolic plane. Unlike the Euclidean setting, these graph classes are different for different values of $r$, where very small $r$ corresponds to an almost-Euclidean setting and $r \in Ω(\log n)$ corresponds to a firmly hyperbolic setting. We observe that larger values of $r$ create simpler graph classes, at least in terms of separators and the computational complexity of the \textsc{Independent Set} problem. First, we show that intersection graphs of disks of radius $r$ in the hyperbolic plane can be separated with $\mathcal{O}((1+1/r)\log n)$ cliques in a balanced manner. Our second structural insight concerns Delaunay complexes in the hyperbolic plane and may be of independent interest. We show that for any set $S$ of $n$ points with pairwise distance at least $2r$ in the hyperbolic plane the corresponding Delaunay complex has outerplanarity $1+\mathcal{O}(\frac{\log n}{r})$, which implies a similar bound on the balanced separators and treewidth of such Delaunay complexes. Using this outerplanarity (and treewidth) bound we prove that \textsc{Independent Set} can be solved in $n^{\mathcal{O}(1+\frac{\log n}{r})}$ time. The algorithm is based on dynamic programming on some unknown sphere cut decomposition that is based on the solution. The resulting algorithm is a far-reaching generalization of a result of Kisfaludi-Bak (SODA 2020), and it is tight under the Exponential Time Hypothesis. In particular, \textsc{Independent Set} is polynomial-time solvable in the firmly hyperbolic setting of $r\in Ω(\log n)$. Finally, in the case when the disks have ply (depth) at most $\ell$, we give a PTAS for \textsc{Maximum Independent Set} that has only quasi-polynomial dependence on $1/\varepsilon$ and $\ell$. Our PTAS is a further generalization of our exact algorithm.
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