五边形光子晶体反射镜：通过神经拓扑优化实现加速增强的可扩展光帆
Pentagonal Photonic Crystal Mirrors: Scalable Lightsails with Enhanced Acceleration via Neural Topology Optimization
AI总结：
针对突破摄星计划对高性能低成本光帆的需求，研究采用神经拓扑优化得到新型五边形晶格光子晶体反射器，可缩短加速时间、大幅降低制造成本，还制备出高长径比纳米光子反射元件，为低成本太空探索提供了可行方案。
摘要：
突破摄星（Starshot Breakthrough Initiative）计划旨在20年内将1克级微芯片探测器送往半人马座阿尔法星，该计划利用基于激光的辐射压力推动克级光帆，使其速度接近光速的五分之一。这项任务所需的光帆材料对纳米技术的基础提出了挑战，需要在光学、材料科学和结构工程领域实现创新。与需要在各个维度上实现最小化的微芯片有效载荷不同，这类光帆需要米级尺寸、纳米级厚度，且需带有数十亿个纳米级孔洞以提升反射率并降低质量。我们的研究采用神经拓扑优化方法，发现了一种新型的基于五边形晶格的光子晶体（PhC）反射器。经优化的设计缩短了加速时间，从而显著降低了发射成本。至关重要的是，这些设计还使得光帆材料的制造成本降低了数个数量级。我们制备出了一块面积为60×60平方毫米、厚度为200纳米的单层反射器，其上带有超过10亿个纳米级结构；这是迄今为止长径比最高的纳米光子元件。我们实现了每平方米近9000倍的成本降低。Starshot光帆将面临多项严格要求，但最终将受制于规模化建造的成本。本文重点阐述了开发光帆材料过程中的挑战与可行解决方案，展示了规模化纳米光子技术在实现低成本下一代太空探索方面的潜力。
英文摘要：
The Starshot Breakthrough Initiative aims to send one-gram microchip probes to Alpha Centauri within 20 years, using gram-scale lightsails propelled by laser-based radiation pressure, reaching velocities nearing a fifth of light speed. This mission requires lightsail materials that challenge the fundamentals of nanotechnology, requiring innovations in optics, material science and structural engineering. Unlike the microchip payload, which must be minimized in every dimension, such lightsails need meter-scale dimensions with nanoscale thickness and billions of nanoscale holes to enhance reflectivity and reduce mass. Our study employs neural topology optimization, revealing a novel pentagonal lattice-based photonic crystal (PhC) reflector. The optimized designs shorten acceleration times, therefore lowering launch costs significantly. Crucially, these designs also enable lightsail material fabrication with orders-of-magnitude reduction in costs. We have fabricated a 60 x 60 mm$^2$, 200nm thick, single-layer reflector perforated with over a billion nanoscale features; the highest aspect-ratio nanophotonic element to date. We achieve this with nearly 9,000 times cost reduction per m$^2$. Starshot lightsails will have several stringent requirements but will ultimately be driven by costs to build at scale. Here we highlight challenges and possible solutions in developing lightsail materials - showcasing the potential of scaling nanophotonics for cost-effective next-generation space exploration.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
