利用时空相干性的多帧去卷积增强超分辨超声定位
Enhancing super-resolution ultrasound localisation through multi-frame deconvolution exploiting spatiotemporal coherence
AI总结：
针对超声造影图像噪声影响微泡定位的问题，提出利用时空相干性的多帧去卷积框架及两种新方法，仿真和活体实验均验证其定位性能与成像质量更优。
摘要：
通过微泡（MB）定位与追踪实现的超分辨超声成像，也称为超声定位显微镜，能够对动物和人体的微血管进行无创亚衍射分辨率成像。从采集的超声造影（CEUS）图像中定位到的微泡数量以及定位精度，直接影响最终生成的超分辨微血管图像的质量。然而，CEUS图像中存在的不可忽略的噪声会给微泡定位带来挑战。为提升微泡定位性能，我们提出一种多帧去卷积（MF-Decon）框架，该框架可利用CEUS数据固有的时空相干性，并基于全变分（TV）和去噪正则化（RED）设计了新型的空间与时间正则项。基于MF-Decon框架，我们提出两种新方法：结合时空全变分的MF-Decon（MF-Decon+3DTV），以及结合空间RED与时间TV的MF-Decon（MF-Decon+RED+TV）。计算机仿真实验结果表明，在精度、召回率、F₁分数、平均定位误差及定位误差标准差等所有评估指标上，我们的方法均优于两种广泛使用的基于去卷积或归一化互相关的方法。具体而言，我们的方法将微泡定位精度最高提升了39%，召回率最高提升了12%。在公开的活体大鼠脑数据集上，使用我们的方法生成的超分辨微血管图噪声更少、对比度更好、分辨率更高，且能呈现更多血管结构。
英文摘要：
Super-resolution ultrasound imaging through microbubble (MB) localisation and tracking, also known as ultrasound localisation microscopy, allows non-invasive sub-diffraction resolution imaging of microvasculature in animals and humans. The number of MBs localised from the acquired contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images and the localisation precision directly influence the quality of the resulting super-resolution microvasculature images. However, non-negligible noise present in the CEUS images can make localising MBs challenging. To enhance the MB localisation performance, we propose a Multi-Frame Deconvolution (MF-Decon) framework that can exploit the spatiotemporal coherence inherent in the CEUS data, with new spatial and temporal regularisers designed based on total variation (TV) and regularisation by denoising (RED). Based on the MF-Decon framework, we introduce two novel methods: MF-Decon with spatial and temporal TVs (MF-Decon+3DTV) and MF-Decon with spatial RED and temporal TV (MF-Decon+RED+TV). Results from in silico simulations indicate that our methods outperform two widely used methods using deconvolution or normalised cross-correlation across all evaluation metrics, including precision, recall, $F_1$ score, mean and standard localisation errors. In particular, our methods improve MB localisation precision by up to 39% and recall by up to 12%. Super-resolution microvasculature maps generated with our methods on a publicly available in vivo rat brain dataset show less noise, better contrast, higher resolution and more vessel structures.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
