具有可调力学性能的可自部署收缩绳超材料
Self-deployable contracting-cord metamaterials with tunable mechanical properties
AI总结：
受按压木偶启发，研究人员提出由带锥形凹凸界面珠体和收缩致动器组成的自部署收缩绳超材料设计策略，可通过颗粒阻塞实现部署后刚度与阻尼的大范围连续调节，为相关领域应用提供新路径。
摘要：
活性材料与制造技术的最新进展使得具备扩展功能空间的循环自部署超材料得以生产。然而，设计出自部署后仍具备连续可调力学性能的超材料尽管意义重大，却仍是一项挑战。受按压木偶启发，我们提出了一种高效设计策略，用于制备具有连续可调部署后刚度与阻尼特性的可逆自部署超材料。\n我们的超材料由收缩致动器穿过多颗带有匹配锥形凹凸界面的珠体组成，呈网络化链状结构。松弛状态的网络可贴合任意形状，但在被致动时，它会自组装为珠体聚拢的预编程构型。致动器进一步收缩时，可通过珠体的颗粒阻塞效应动态调节组装体的力学性能，同时保持整体结构仅有极小变化。\n我们研究表明，这类超材料在部署后，于弯曲主导的构型中展现出显著的可调性：其刚度可提升35倍以上，阻尼性能变化幅度超过50%。通过系统分析我们发现，珠体的锥角会引入几何非线性，这对超材料的自部署能力与可调性具有重要影响。本研究为制备可逆自部署、轻质且可调的超材料提供了路径，在软体机器人、可重构建筑以及航天工程领域具有潜在应用价值。
英文摘要：
Recent advances in active materials and fabrication techniques have enabled the production of cyclically self-deployable metamaterials with an expanded functionality space. However, designing metamaterials that possess continuously tunable mechanical properties after self-deployment remains a challenge, notwithstanding its importance. Inspired by push puppets, we introduce an efficient design strategy to create reversibly self-deployable metamaterials with continuously tunable post-deployment stiffness and damping. Our metamaterial comprises contracting actuators threaded through beads with matching conical concavo-convex interfaces in networked chains. The slack network conforms to arbitrary shapes, but when actuated, it self-assembles into a preprogrammed configuration with beads gathered together. Further contraction of the actuators can dynamically tune the assembly's mechanical properties through the beads' particle jamming, while maintaining the overall structure with minimal change. We show that, after deployment, such metamaterials exhibit pronounced tunability in bending-dominated configurations: they can become more than 35 times stiffer and change their damping capability by over 50%. Through systematic analysis, we find that the beads'conical angle can introduce geometric nonlinearity, which has a major effect on the self-deployability and tunability of the metamaterial. Our work provides routes towards reversibly self-deployable, lightweight, and tunable metamaterials, with potential applications in soft robotics, reconfigurable architectures, and space engineering.
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