液体闪烁体探测器中超大质量带电引力微子的特征
Signatures of supermassive charged gravitinos in liquid scintillator detectors
AI总结：
本文详细分析了JUNO和DUNE等探测器中稳定超大质量带电引力微子的特征，通过量子化学方法评估其对LAB的电子激发截面，模拟事件信号，结合粒子物理与量子化学，为探测提供依据。
摘要：
在先前的工作[K.A. Meissner和H. Nicolai，《欧洲物理杂志C》第84卷，269页（2024年）]中，本文的两位作者提出了在即将进行的地下实验中寻找电荷为O(1)的稳定超大质量粒子的可能实验方法，特别是新的江门中微子实验（JUNO）。在当前论文中，我们对JUNO探测器以及即将推出的液态氩探测器（如DUNE，深地下中微子实验）中此类引力微子诱导事件的特定特征进行了详细分析。所提出的探测方法依赖于此类粒子穿过探测器液体时光子产生的“辉光”，其持续时间约为几到几百微秒，具体取决于粒子的速度和轨迹。我们使用量子化学方法评估了穿过的引力微子对闪烁体液体主要成分（即线性烷基苯，LAB）的电子激发截面。结果表明，如果此类粒子存在，产生的信号将导致独特且明确无误的特征，我们展示了JUNO或DUNE光电倍增管将观测到的事件模拟。我们的分析将两个截然不同的研究领域结合在一起：一方面是基本粒子物理学和基本理论的探索，另一方面是先进量子化学的方法。
英文摘要：
In a previous work [K.A. Meissner and H. Nicolai, Eur. Phys. J. C {\bf 84}, 269 (2024)], two of the present authors have suggested possible experimental ways to search for stable supermassive particles with electric charges of $\cO(1)$ in upcoming underground experiments, in particular the new Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment. In the current paper, we present a detailed analysis of the specific signature of such gravitino-induced events for the JUNO detector and for upcoming liquid argon detectors like DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment). The proposed method of detection relies on the ``glow'' produced by photons during the passage of such particles through the detector liquid, which would last for about a few to a few hundred microseconds depending on its velocity and the track. The cross sections for electronic excitation of the main component of the scintillator liquid, namely linear alkylbenzene (LAB), by the passing gravitino are evaluated using quantum-chemical methods. The results show that, if such particles exist, the resulting signals would lead to a unique and unmistakable signature, for which we present event simulations as they would be seen by the JUNO or DUNE photomultipliers. Our analysis brings together two very different research areas, namely fundamental particles physics and the search for a fundamental theory on the one hand, and methods of advanced quantum chemistry on the other.
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