高数值孔径谐振器中的腔量子电动力学
Cavity QED in a High NA Resonator
AI总结：
本文提出基于透镜的高数值孔径谐振器，在亚微米模式与远距离光学访问下实现仅约10次光循环的强耦合，并完成单原子高效探测与腔冷却研究。
摘要：
从光与物质相互作用的基础研究到量子网络和传感应用，腔量子电动力学（QED）提供了一个跨越平台的工具箱，用于控制原子与光子之间的相互作用。这种相互作用的相干性由单次通过原子吸收和光子往返次数的乘积决定。降低腔损耗已使谐振器能够支持近100万次光学往返，但代价是光学材料选择受到严重限制，并且对对准的敏感性增加。单次通过吸收概率可以通过使用近同心腔、光纤腔或纳米光子腔来提高，这些腔通过减小模式束腰来增强吸收，但代价是光学访问受限以及暴露于表面场。在这里，我们提出一种新型的基于透镜的高数值孔径谐振器，通过将原子处的模式尺寸减小到1微米以下，同时使原子与所有光学元件保持毫米到厘米的距离，将每次往返的单原子-单光子吸收概率推进到接近其基本极限。该谐振器在光仅循环约10次的腔中提供了强光-物质耦合。我们将单个87Rb原子装载到这种腔中，观察到强耦合，展示了腔增强的原子探测，在130微秒内实现99.55(6)%的成像保真度和99.89(4)%的存活概率，并利用这一新平台对腔冷却进行时间分辨探索。该谐振器的抗损耗特性为原子与非线性和自适应光学元件耦合铺平了道路，并为缺陷中心的读出提供了一种微创途径。引入腔内成像系统将使创建与Rydberg原子阵列计算技术兼容的腔阵列成为可能，从而极大地扩展腔QED工具箱的适用性。
英文摘要：
From fundamental studies of light-matter interaction to applications in quantum networking and sensing, cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) provides a platform-crossing toolbox to control interactions between atoms and photons. The coherence of such interactions is determined by the product of the single-pass atomic absorption and the number of photon round-trips. Reducing the cavity loss has enabled resonators supporting nearly 1-million optical roundtrips at the expense of severely limited optical material choices and increased alignment sensitivity. The single-pass absorption probability can be increased through the use of near-concentric, fiber or nanophotonic cavities, which reduce the mode waists at the expense of constrained optical access and exposure to surface fields. Here we present a new high numerical-aperture, lens-based resonator that pushes the single-atom-single-photon absorption probability per round trip close to its fundamental limit by reducing the mode size at the atom below a micron while keeping the atom mm-to-cm away from all optics. This resonator provides strong light-matter coupling in a cavity where the light circulates only ~ 10 times. We load a single 87Rb atom into such a cavity, observe strong coupling, demonstrate cavity-enhanced atom detection with imaging fidelity of 99.55(6) percent and survival probability of 99.89(4) percent in 130 microseconds, and leverage this new platform for a time-resolved exploration of cavity cooling. The resonator's loss-resilience paves the way to coupling of atoms to nonlinear and adaptive optical elements and provides a minimally invasive route to readout of defect centers. Introduction of intra-cavity imaging systems will enable the creation of cavity arrays compatible with Rydberg atom array computing technologies, vastly expanding the applicability of the cavity QED toolbox.
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