通过黑洞自旋减缓搜寻宇宙弦
Searching for cosmic strings via black hole spin-down
AI总结：
本文提出利用附着宇宙弦导致黑洞自旋减缓来搜寻宇宙弦，预测大质量原初黑洞近零自旋，并探讨通过脉冲星观测超大质量黑洞自旋减缓。
摘要：
附着在快速旋转黑洞上的宇宙弦能够提取大量转动能和角动量。本文研究这一效应对原初黑洞的影响；这类黑洞预计在形成时会附着一条或多条宇宙弦。尽管大质量原初黑洞据预测会在形成后不久因吸积而快速自转加快，但我们论证宇宙弦将使其再次自旋减缓。我们表明，如果存在张力大于10^-20的宇宙弦，那么质量大于30 M⊙的大质量原初黑洞的自旋因此应被观测到接近于零。我们还研究了超大质量黑洞捕获一条宇宙弦所产生的影响，以及通过其对环绕该黑洞运行的脉冲星的作用来观测随后自旋减缓的可能性。
英文摘要：
Cosmic strings that are attached to rapidly spinning black holes can extract significant amounts of rotational energy and angular momentum. Here we study the effect on primordial black holes, which are expected to form with one or more cosmic strings attached. Although large primordial black holes are predicted to rapidly spin up due to accretion soon after forming, we argue that cosmic strings will spin them down again. We show that if there are cosmic strings with tension greater than $10^{-20}$, the spins of large primordial black holes of mass greater than $30 M_\odot$ should consequently be observed to be near zero. We also investigate the effect on a supermassive black hole of capturing a cosmic string and the possibility of observing the subsequent spin down by its effect on a pulsar orbiting the black hole.
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