SUPER VIII. $z\sim2$处的“速度与激情”：尘埃遮蔽的2型活动星系核宿主的电离风速度快于1型系统
SUPER VIII. Fast and Furious at $z\sim2$: obscured type-2 active nuclei host faster ionised winds than type-1 systems
AI总结：
本研究基于SUPER巡天的空间分辨光谱，发现z~2处的2型遮蔽AGN电离外流速度快于同光度的1型AGN，为AGN 1/2型二分性对应演化阶段而非投影效应提供了观测证据，且外流速度足以影响星系恒星形成。
摘要：
我们展示了来自“揭示辐射反馈物理与效应的SINFONI巡天（SINFONI Survey for Unveiling the Physics and Effect of Radiative feedback，简称SUPER）”中2型活动星系核（AGN）的自适应光学辅助VLT/SINFONI空间分辨光谱，该巡天的观测目标是宇宙正午（$z\sim2$）时期的X射线亮（$L_{2-10 keV}\gtrsim10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$）AGN。我们对静止系光学光谱的分析显示，7个被研究目标中均存在电离外流，由[OIII]$\lambda$5007发射线示踪，运动速度达$v\gtrsim600$ km s$^{-1}$。其中6个天体的外流具有清晰的空间分辨，延展尺度为2-4 kpc，剩余1个的外流仅为边缘分辨。\n有趣的是，这些SUPER 2型AGN均为重度遮蔽源（$N_{H}\gtrsim10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$），且在相同的热光度范围（$L_{bol} \sim 10^{44.8-46.5}$ erg s$^{-1}$）内，其宿主的电离外流速度快于对应的1型AGN。因此SUPER提供了观测证据，表明$z\sim2$处的1型/2型二分性可能并非仅由投影效应导致，而可能反映了活动星系的两个不同遮蔽演化阶段，这与演化模型的预测一致。在此图景下，SUPER 2型AGN可能正处于“吹除”阶段：大量遮蔽物质通过对尘埃的辐射压有效加速大尺度外流，最终暴露出中心活动星系核，标志着明亮、无遮蔽的1型AGN阶段的开始。\n此外，SUPER探测到的电离外流整体族群的速度与所在暗物质晕的逃逸速度相当，且总体上足够高，能够到达距离中心30-50 kpc的位置。因此这些外流很可能（至少）将气体扫出重子盘，并且/或者加热宿主星系的气体储库，从而减少甚至可能中止恒星形成。
英文摘要：
We present spatially resolved VLT/SINFONI spectroscopy with adaptive optics of type-2 active galactic nuclei (AGN) from the SINFONI Survey for Unveiling the Physics and Effect of Radiative feedback (SUPER), which targeted X-ray bright ($L_{2-10 keV}\gtrsim10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$) AGN at Cosmic Noon ($z\sim2$). Our analysis of the rest-frame optical spectra unveils ionised outflows in all seven examined targets, as traced via [OIII]$λ$5007 line emission, moving at $v\gtrsim600$ km s$^{-1}$. In six objects these outflows are clearly spatially resolved and extend on 2-4 kpc scales, whereas marginally resolved in the remaining one. Interestingly, these SUPER type-2 AGN are all heavily obscured sources ($N_{H}\gtrsim10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$) and host faster ionised outflows than their type-1 counterparts within the same range of bolometric luminosity ($L_{bol} \sim 10^{44.8-46.5}$ erg s$^{-1}$). SUPER has hence provided observational evidence that the type-1/type-2 dichotomy at $z\sim2$ might not be driven simply by projection effects, but might reflect two distinct obscuring life stages of active galaxies, as predicted by evolutionary models. Within this picture, SUPER type-2 AGN might be undergoing the 'blow-out' phase, where the large amount of obscuring material efficiently accelerates large-scale outflows via radiation pressure on dust, eventually unveiling the central active nucleus and signal the start of the bright, unobscured type-1 AGN phase. Moreover, the overall population of ionised outflows detected in SUPER has velocities comparable with the escape speed of their dark matter halos, and in general high enough to reach 30-50 kpc distances from the centre. These outflows are hence likely to sweep away the gas (at least) out of the baryonic disk and/or to heat the host gas reservoir, thus reducing and possibly quenching star formation.
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