平衡事件而非患者可最大化logrank检验的功效:以及关于生存试验中非等比例随机化的其他洞见
Balancing events, not patients, maximizes power of the logrank test: and other insights on unequal randomization in survival trials
AI总结:
本研究针对比例风险下事件驱动型生存试验的logrank检验功效问题,通过模拟对比三种近似方法,发现最大化功效的随机化比例是平衡组间事件数而非1:1,还分析了相关影响因素并得出6条设计洞见。
摘要:
我们重新探讨了在比例风险(PH)假设下,事件驱动型生存试验中何种随机化比例(RR)可最大化logrank检验功效的问题。通过将logrank检验的三种近似方法(Schoenfeld、Freedman、Rubinstein)与实证模拟进行对比,我们发现使功效最大化的RR是在试验结束时平衡各治疗组事件数的比例。这与Schoenfeld近似所隐含的1:1随机化可最大化功效的普遍误解相矛盾。除功效外,我们还考虑了可能影响RR选择的其他因素(入组情况、试验时长、样本量等),并开展模拟以更好地理解非等比例随机化在实践中如何影响这些因素。综上,我们得出6条洞见,以指导统计师在设计生存试验时考量非等比例随机化。
英文摘要:
We revisit the question of what randomization ratio (RR) maximizes power of the logrank test in event-driven survival trials under proportional hazards (PH). By comparing three approximations of the logrank test (Schoenfeld, Freedman, Rubinstein) to empirical simulations, we find that the RR that maximizes power is the RR that balances number of events across treatment arms at the end of the trial. This contradicts the common misconception implied by Schoenfeld's approximation that 1:1 randomization maximizes power. Besides power, we consider other factors that might influence the choice of RR (accrual, trial duration, sample size, etc.). We perform simulations to better understand how unequal randomization might impact these factors in practice. Altogether, we derive 6 insights to guide statisticians in the design of survival trials considering unequal randomization.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。