利用纳赫兹引力波的衍射引力闪烁测量宇宙膨胀
Measuring cosmic expansion with diffractive gravitational scintillation of nanoHertz gravitational waves
AI总结：
本文提出利用脉冲星计时阵列观测纳赫兹引力波被前景星系盘衍射透镜产生的闪烁效应，结合红移信息精确测量宇宙膨胀，单个源有望推断数百个红移-距离对。
摘要：
最近通过脉冲星计时阵列（PTA）的出现发现了超长波长引力波，为基础科学开辟了新的途径。在此我们表明，每个PTA源都将被其视线方向上可能存在的数百个星系盘所衍射透镜，由于波透镜效应，导致应变产生适度调制，$Δh / h \sim 10^{-3} λ^{-1}_{1 \rm pc.}$。所产生的干涉（即闪烁）图样将可被相干PTA分辨，并且可以与前景红移信息一起利用，以对宇宙膨胀进行精确测量。如果未来的PTA实验能够获得足够的信噪比来探测这些微小调制，那么可以从单个PTA源的衍射透镜效应中推断出数百个红移-距离对。
英文摘要：
The recent discovery of ultra-long wavelength gravitational waves through the advent of pulsar timing arrays (PTA) has opened up new avenues for fundamental science. Here we show that every PTA source will be diffractively lensed by potentially hundreds of galactic disks transverse to its line of sight, leading to modest modulations in the strain, $Δh / h \sim 10^{-3} λ^{-1}_{1 \rm pc.}$, due to wave lensing effects. The induced interference, or scintillation, pattern will be resolvable by coherent PTAs and may be leveraged, alongside fore-ground redshift information, to make precise measurements of cosmic expansion. If future PTA experiments can achieve enough signal-to-noise to detect these small modulations, hundreds of redshift-distance pairs may be inferred from the diffractive lensing of an individual PTA source.
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